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Human energy and time spent by women using cooking energy systems: A case study of Nepal

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  • Das, Karabee
  • Pradhan, Greeshma
  • Nonhebel, Sanderine

Abstract

In most developing countries, many rural households use fuelwood and a traditional cookstove (TCS). Women are the backbone of the cooking system, as they mostly manage it. Despite several existing efficient cooking energy systems, households generally do not prefer them. Thus, our aim is to find why this is the case. We estimate the time required and human energy expenditure (HEE) for production of cooking fuel for four alternative cooking energy systems in Nepal, as a case study. The time required to produce cooking fuel for the baseline scenario (i.e. fuelwood and TCS) is 40 h/cap/yr and HEE is 41 MJ/cap/yr. System 2 (charcoal and TCS) has the highest demand for time and HEE. The results suggest that the most efficient system is System 1 (i.e. fuelwood and an improved cookstove (ICS)). However, a woman produces cooking fuel for the whole household, which multiples her time and HEE demand to the household size. This system analysis indicates a significant influence in the selection of cooking fuel due to the HEE and time demand. It concludes that in the future, more importance should be attached to the labour required from women in the cooking energy systems in the development of technological improvements.

Suggested Citation

  • Das, Karabee & Pradhan, Greeshma & Nonhebel, Sanderine, 2019. "Human energy and time spent by women using cooking energy systems: A case study of Nepal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 493-501.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:182:y:2019:i:c:p:493-501
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.074
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Phanwin Yokying & Sumeet Saksena & Jefferson Fox, 2023. "Impacts of migration on time allocation of those who remain at home in rural Nepal," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(7), pages 2067-2106, October.
    2. Buchy, M. & Shakya, S., 2024. "Exploring policy coherence to understand limited progress of gender and social inclusion in the energy sector: The case of Nepal," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    3. M. Rezwan Khan & Intekhab Alam, 2020. "A Solar PV-Based Inverter-Less Grid-Integrated Cooking Solution for Low-Cost Clean Cooking," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Griffiths, Steve, 2020. "The cultural barriers to a low-carbon future: A review of six mobility and energy transitions across 28 countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    5. Durga Prasad Chapagai & Neeta Dhusia Sharma & Amit Kumar Roy & Manish Kumar Roy, 2024. "An Evaluation of People’s Acceptability of Rural Household Energy: A Study of Kaski District, Nepal," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(3), pages 422-433, May.
    6. Renato Passaro & Ivana Quinto & Giuseppe Scandurra & Antonio Thomas, 2020. "How Do Energy Use and Climate Change Affect Fast-Start Finance? A Cross-Country Empirical Investigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-23, November.
    7. Malla, Sunil, 2022. "An outlook of end-use energy demand based on a clean energy and technology transformation of the household sector in Nepal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    8. Moniruzzaman, Md & Day, Rosie, 2020. "Gendered energy poverty and energy justice in rural Bangladesh," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).

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