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Optimal efficient biodiesel synthesis from used oil employing low-cost ram bone supported Cr catalyst: Engine performance and exhaust assessment

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  • Pradhan, Piasy
  • Chakraborty, Rajat

Abstract

This article reports the preparation of cost-effective bio-hydroxyapatite (ram bone derived) supported mesoporous Cr heterogeneous catalysts and its performance in biodiesel production from used frying mustard oil (UFMO). The optimal catalyst (98.45 m2/g BET area; pore volume 0.0586 cc/g; modal pore diameter 19.3 nm and 0.78 mmol NH3/g catalyst acid-site concentration) demonstrated remarkable efficacy in sustainable synthesis of biodiesel from UFMO achieving maximum FAME content (96.85%) at optimal (predicted through D-optimal method) conditions: 4 wt% catalyst concentration, 8.0 methanol/UFMO molar ratio and 200 °C calcination temperature for catalyst preparation. Biodiesel production through concurrent transesterification-esterification (CTE) of UFMO could be augmented from 40.22% (conductive heating system) to 96.85% FAME yield using energy-proficient infrared radiation. Promising engine operation was recorded in terms of lower exhaust temperature at various blends of petrodiesel-product biodiesel in comparison with unaided petro-diesel. Assessment of exhaust emissions implied a significantly low CO (0.05%) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions (<0.00002) for product biodiesel conforming to Euro-VI emission standards. Thus, the article demonstrates an inexpensive and efficient avenue for utilisation of waste resources to generate and utilise clean and renewable energy.

Suggested Citation

  • Pradhan, Piasy & Chakraborty, Rajat, 2018. "Optimal efficient biodiesel synthesis from used oil employing low-cost ram bone supported Cr catalyst: Engine performance and exhaust assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 35-45.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:164:y:2018:i:c:p:35-45
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.181
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    1. Pessoa Junior, Wanison A.G. & Takeno, Mitsuo L. & Nobre, Francisco X. & Barros, Silma de S. & Sá, Ingrity S.C. & Silva, Edson P. & Manzato, Lizandro & Iglauer, Stefan & de Freitas, Flávio A., 2020. "Application of water treatment sludge as a low-cost and eco-friendly catalyst in the biodiesel production via fatty acids esterification: Process optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    2. Mulkan, Andi & Mohd Zulkifli, Nurin Wahidah & Husin, Husni & Ahmadi, & Dahlan, Irvan, 2024. "Performance and emissions assessment under full load operation of an unmodified diesel engine running on biodiesel-based waste cooking oil synthesized using JPW solid catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    3. Samanta, Ritika & Chakraborty, Rajat, 2023. "Methyl levulinate synthesis from rice husk employing e-waste derived silica supported nano CuO–CdSO4 photocatalyst: Assessment of production environmental impacts, engine performance and emissions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 842-858.

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