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The impact of European balancing rules on wind power economics and on short-term bidding strategies

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  • Chaves-Ávila, J.P.
  • Hakvoort, R.A.
  • Ramos, A.

Abstract

Wind power represents a significant percentage of the European generation mix and this will increase to fulfill the renewable energy targets. Different balancing rules are applied to wind power among the countries; for instance, to what extent wind power producers (WPPs) are responsible for the energy imbalances and how those imbalances are penalized. This paper discusses those different rules and evaluates their effects on WPP bidding strategies. To do so, a quantitative analysis is presented for an offshore wind farm, considering the differences in the balancing rules and prices of Belgium, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. The quantitative approach consists of a stochastic optimization model that maximizes the profits of a WPP by trading in different markets (day-ahead and intraday) and computes the final energy delivered. The model considers uncertainties of most important parameters such as wind energy forecasts and prices at different time frames. The results show that the imbalance pricing design and the allocation of balance responsibility significantly affect WPP’ revenues. Additionally, WPPs deviate differently from the expected energy depending on the balancing rules, which can impact the system. Furthermore, these balancing rules should be considered with other market regulations, such as the design of support schemes.

Suggested Citation

  • Chaves-Ávila, J.P. & Hakvoort, R.A. & Ramos, A., 2014. "The impact of European balancing rules on wind power economics and on short-term bidding strategies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 383-393.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:68:y:2014:i:c:p:383-393
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.01.010
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    15. Joan Batalla-Bejerano & Elisa Trujillo-Baute, 2015. "Analysing the sensitivity of electricity system operational costs to deviations in supply and demand," Working Papers 2015/8, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).
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    18. Okur, Özge & Heijnen, Petra & Lukszo, Zofia, 2021. "Aggregator’s business models in residential and service sectors: A review of operational and financial aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    19. Klyve, Øyvind Sommer & Klæboe, Gro & Nygård, Magnus Moe & Marstein, Erik Stensrud, 2023. "Limiting imbalance settlement costs from variable renewable energy sources in the Nordics: Internal balancing vs. balancing market participation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    20. Gao, Cuixia & Sun, Mei & Geng, Yong & Wu, Rui & Chen, Wei, 2016. "A bibliometric analysis based review on wind power price," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 602-612.

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