IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v192y2024ics0301421524002581.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Quantifying the electric service panel capacities of California's residential buildings

Author

Listed:
  • Fournier, Eric Daniel
  • Cudd, Robert
  • Smithies, Samantha
  • Pincetl, Stephanie

Abstract

This study seeks to quantify the size distribution of existing installed electrical service panels within California's residential buildings, a potentially significant barrier to future decarbonization efforts. A large sample of historical building permit data was collected for municipalities throughout the state, from which permitted panel upgrades were extracted and analyzed. These data were used to develop a method for estimating panel capacities that incorporates information about historical code requirements for panel sizing in new construction with a statewide database of parcel-level building attributes. Overall, we find that 3% of single-family (SF) and 10% of multi-family (MF) properties in California have panels in the smallest size range, which will most likely require upgrades. However, 32% of SF and 59% of MF properties have panels of intermediate size, which will likely require the addition of load management systems to support comprehensive electrification. Future panel upgrade needs are expected to be more acute within disadvantaged communities, where the proportion of SF homes with the smallest-sized panels is 4x that in more affluent neighborhoods. We discuss the implications of these and other results within the context of existing and planned future state policies related to residential electrification.

Suggested Citation

  • Fournier, Eric Daniel & Cudd, Robert & Smithies, Samantha & Pincetl, Stephanie, 2024. "Quantifying the electric service panel capacities of California's residential buildings," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:192:y:2024:i:c:s0301421524002581
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114238
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421524002581
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114238?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jeetika Malik & Tianzhen Hong & Max Wei & Sea Rotmann, 2024. "Prioritize energy sufficiency to decarbonize our buildings," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 8(3), pages 406-410, March.
    2. Ebrahimi, Siavash & Mac Kinnon, Michael & Brouwer, Jack, 2018. "California end-use electrification impacts on carbon neutrality and clean air," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 435-449.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shi, Peng & Wang, Lin-Shu & Schwartz, Paul & Hofbauer, Peter, 2020. "State-wide comparative analysis of the cost saving potential of Vuilleumier heat pumps in residential houses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    2. Anselma, Pier Giuseppe, 2022. "Computationally efficient evaluation of fuel and electrical energy economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with smooth driving constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    3. Fortes, Patrícia & Simoes, Sofia G. & Gouveia, João Pedro & Seixas, Júlia, 2019. "Electricity, the silver bullet for the deep decarbonisation of the energy system? Cost-effectiveness analysis for Portugal," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 292-303.
    4. Xia, Yingqi & Sun, Gengchen & Wang, Yanfeng & Yang, Qing & Wang, Qingrui & Ba, Shusong, 2024. "A novel carbon emission estimation method based on electricity‑carbon nexus and non-intrusive load monitoring," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    5. Haleh Moghaddasi & Charles Culp & Jorge Vanegas & Mehrdad Ehsani, 2021. "Net Zero Energy Buildings: Variations, Clarifications, and Requirements in Response to the Paris Agreement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-21, June.
    6. Xiang, Xiwang & Ma, Minda & Ma, Xin & Chen, Liming & Cai, Weiguang & Feng, Wei & Ma, Zhili, 2022. "Historical decarbonization of global commercial building operations in the 21st century," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    7. Ahn, Hyeunguk & Miller, William & Sheaffer, Paul & Tutterow, Vestal & Rapp, Vi, 2021. "Opportunities for installed combined heat and power (CHP) to increase grid flexibility in the U.S," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    8. Park, Haryn & Kim, Jin-Kuk & Yi, Sung Chul, 2023. "Optimization of site utility systems for renewable energy integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    9. Feng Yang & Zhong Wu & Xiaoyan Teng & Shaojian Qu, 2022. "Robust Counterpart Models for Fresh Agricultural Product Routing Planning Considering Carbon Emissions and Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-17, November.
    10. Chen, Chao & Lu, Yangsiyu & Banares-Alcantara, Rene, 2019. "Direct and indirect electrification of chemical industry using methanol production as a case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C), pages 71-90.
    11. Yan Zhao & Vince McDonell & Scott Samuelsen, 2022. "Residential Fuel Transition and Fuel Interchangeability in Current Self-Aspirating Combustion Applications: Historical Development and Future Expectations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-50, May.
    12. Ou, Yang & Kittner, Noah & Babaee, Samaneh & Smith, Steven J. & Nolte, Christopher G. & Loughlin, Daniel H., 2021. "Evaluating long-term emission impacts of large-scale electric vehicle deployment in the US using a human-Earth systems model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    13. Khanna, Nina & Fridley, David & Zhou, Nan & Karali, Nihan & Zhang, Jingjing & Feng, Wei, 2019. "Energy and CO2 implications of decarbonization strategies for China beyond efficiency: Modeling 2050 maximum renewable resources and accelerated electrification impacts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 12-26.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:192:y:2024:i:c:s0301421524002581. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.