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Re-examining the role of nuclear fusion in a renewables-based energy mix

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  • Nicholas, T.E.G.
  • Davis, T.P.
  • Federici, F.
  • Leland, J.
  • Patel, B.S.
  • Vincent, C.
  • Ward, S.H.

Abstract

Fusion energy is often regarded as a long-term solution to the world's energy needs. However, even after solving the critical research challenges, engineering and materials science will still impose significant constraints on the characteristics of a fusion power plant. Meanwhile, the global energy grid must transition to low-carbon sources by 2050 to prevent the worst effects of climate change. We review three factors affecting fusion's future trajectory: (1) the significant drop in the price of renewable energy, (2) the intermittency of renewable sources and implications for future energy grids, and (3) the recent proposition of intermediate-level nuclear waste as a product of fusion. Within the scenario assumed by our premises, we find that while there remains a clear motivation to develop fusion power plants, this motivation is likely weakened by the time they become available. We also conclude that most current fusion reactor designs do not take these factors into account and, to increase market penetration, fusion research should consider relaxed nuclear waste design criteria, raw material availability constraints and load-following designs with pulsed operation.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas, T.E.G. & Davis, T.P. & Federici, F. & Leland, J. & Patel, B.S. & Vincent, C. & Ward, S.H., 2021. "Re-examining the role of nuclear fusion in a renewables-based energy mix," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:149:y:2021:i:c:s0301421520307540
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112043
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    2. Elias Carayannis & Marco Vinzenzi & John Draper & Nikos Kanellos, 2024. "Can Fusion Be the Next General-Purpose Technology? Theory, Policy, Practice, and Politics Perspectives on Stewarding Fusion Energy Research," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(2), pages 9497-9514, June.
    3. Carayannis, Elias G. & Vincenzi, Marco & Draper, John, 2024. "The economic logic of open science in fusion energy research: A policy perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    4. Sadik-Zada, Elkhan Richard & Gatto, Andrea & Weißnicht, Yannic, 2024. "Back to the future: Revisiting the perspectives on nuclear fusion and juxtaposition to existing energy sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).

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