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Life cycle economic assessment of coal chemical wastewater treatment facing the ‘Zero liquid discharge’ industrial water policies in China: Discharge or reuse?

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  • Chen, Bokun
  • Yang, Siyu
  • Cao, Qi
  • Qian, Yu

Abstract

Geographical maldistribution of coal and water resource has led to huge water consumption, posing great challenges to the development of coal chemical industries in China. In this study, based on the obtained unit product data of water withdrawal, consumption, and wastewater effluent capacity, the wastewater quantitative information about water quality and relevant energy and reagents consumption for several coal chemical industries were analyzed. Then, the life cycle costs of different types of coal chemical wastewater were analyzed when achieving ICIWD (1st category integrated wastewater discharge) and ZLD (zero liquid discharge) standards. According to the results, the life cycle cost of ICIWD was average 0.94 US$/t water less than that of the wastewater meeting ZLD, because the life cycle boundaries focused on coal chemical industries. Given surface water treatment cost and environment damages value, ICIWD's total cost was 1.07 US$/t water higher than ZLD's. Besides, the consumed water of planning advanced coal chemical projects of 2018 took up 2.8% of total industrial water. Such proportion could even reach over 30% in north and northwest regions. It is suggested that ZLD water policies and water resources appraisal should be introduced to improve and strengthen the rational layout of coal chemical projects.

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  • Chen, Bokun & Yang, Siyu & Cao, Qi & Qian, Yu, 2020. "Life cycle economic assessment of coal chemical wastewater treatment facing the ‘Zero liquid discharge’ industrial water policies in China: Discharge or reuse?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:137:y:2020:i:c:s0301421519306949
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111107
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    1. Shi, Jingxin & Huang, Wenping & Han, Hongjun & Xu, Chunyan, 2021. "Pollution control of wastewater from the coal chemical industry in China: Environmental management policy and technical standards," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    2. Li, Hong & Zhou, Hao & Liu, Kailong & Gao, Xin & Li, Xingang, 2021. "Retrofit application of traditional petroleum chemical technologies to coal chemical industry for sustainable energy-efficiency production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    3. Li, Junjie & Zhang, Yueling & Yang, Yanli & Zhang, Xiaomei & Zheng, Yonghong & Qian, Qi & Tian, Yajun & Xie, Kechang, 2022. "Comparative resource-environment-economy assessment of coal- and oil-based aromatics production," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    4. Zhang, Yueling & Li, Junjie & Yang, Xiaoxiao, 2021. "Comprehensive competitiveness assessment of four coal-to-liquid routes and conventional oil refining route in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).

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