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Long-term U.S transportation electricity use considering the effect of autonomous-vehicles: Estimates & policy observations

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  • Fox-Penner, Peter
  • Gorman, Will
  • Hatch, Jennifer

Abstract

In this paper, we model three layers of transportation disruption – first electrification, then autonomy, and finally sharing and pooling – in order to project transportation electricity demand and greenhouse gas emissions in the United States to 2050. Using an expanded kaya identity framework, we model vehicle stock, energy intensity, and vehicle miles traveled, progressively considering the effects of each of these three disruptions. We find that electricity use from light duty vehicle transport will likely be in the 570–1140 TWh range, 13–26%, respectively, of total electricity demand in 2050. Depending on the pace at which the electric sector decarbonizes, this increase in electric demand could correspond to a decrease in LDV greenhouse gas emissions of up to 80%. In the near term, rapid and complete transport electrification with a carbon-free grid should remain the cornerstones of transport decarbonization policy. However, long-term policy should also aim to mitigate autonomous vehicles’ potential to increase driving mileage, urban and suburban sprawl, and traffic congestion while incentivizing potential energy efficiency improvements through both better system management and the lightweighting of an accident-free vehicle fleet.

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  • Fox-Penner, Peter & Gorman, Will & Hatch, Jennifer, 2018. "Long-term U.S transportation electricity use considering the effect of autonomous-vehicles: Estimates & policy observations," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 203-213.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:122:y:2018:i:c:p:203-213
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.07.033
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    3. Gu, Yewen & Goez, Julio C. & Mario, Guajardo & Wallace, Stein W., 2019. "Autonomous vessels: State of the art and potential opportunities in logistics," Discussion Papers 2019/6, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    4. Morteza Taiebat & Austin L. Brown & Hannah R. Safford & Shen Qu & Ming Xu, 2019. "A Review on Energy, Environmental, and Sustainability Implications of Connected and Automated Vehicles," Papers 1901.10581, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2019.
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    9. Shen, Yung-Shuen & Huang, Guan-Ting & Chang-Chien, Chien-Li & Huang, Lance Hongwei & Kuo, Chien-Hung & Hu, Allen H., 2023. "The impact of passenger electric vehicles on carbon reduction and environmental impact under the 2050 net zero policy in Taiwan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
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