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A comparison of implied and realized volatility in the Nordic power forward market

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  • Birkelund, Ole Henrik
  • Haugom, Erik
  • Molnár, Peter
  • Opdal, Martin
  • Westgaard, Sjur

Abstract

In this paper we study implied and realized volatility for the Nordic power forward market. We create an implied volatility index with a fixed time to maturity. This index is compared to a realized volatility time series calculated from high-frequency data. The results show that the implied volatility has a positive bias against the realized volatility measure indicating that there is a risk premium imposed by option traders. The results are consistent with previous research in other markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Birkelund, Ole Henrik & Haugom, Erik & Molnár, Peter & Opdal, Martin & Westgaard, Sjur, 2015. "A comparison of implied and realized volatility in the Nordic power forward market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 288-294.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:48:y:2015:i:c:p:288-294
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2014.12.021
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    9. Fantazzini, Dean & Shangina, Tamara, 2019. "The importance of being informed: forecasting market risk measures for the Russian RTS index future using online data and implied volatility over two decades," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 55, pages 5-31.
    10. Nikkinen, Jussi & Rothovius, Timo, 2019. "Market specific seasonal trading behavior in NASDAQ OMX electricity options," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 13(C), pages 16-29.
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    13. Stefan Lyocsa & Peter Molnar & Igor Fedorko, 2016. "Forecasting Exchange Rate Volatility: The Case of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 66(5), pages 453-475, October.
    14. Mayer, Klaus & Trück, Stefan, 2018. "Electricity markets around the world," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 9(C), pages 77-100.
    15. Aalborg, Halvor Aarhus & Molnár, Peter & de Vries, Jon Erik, 2019. "What can explain the price, volatility and trading volume of Bitcoin?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 255-265.
    16. Qiao, Gaoxiu & Ma, Xuekun & Jiang, Gongyue & Wang, Lu, 2024. "Crude oil volatility index forecasting: New evidence based on positive and negative jumps from Chinese stock market," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 415-437.
    17. Lyócsa, Štefan & Molnár, Peter, 2017. "The effect of non-trading days on volatility forecasts in equity markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 39-49.
    18. Helseth, Marius Aleksander Emblem & Krakstad, Svein Olav & Molnár, Peter & Norlin, Karl-Martin, 2020. "Can policy and financial risk predict stock markets?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 701-719.
    19. Erik Haugom & Peter Molnár & Magne Tysdahl, 2020. "Determinants of the Forward Premium in the Nord Pool Electricity Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-18, March.
    20. Bašta, Milan & Molnár, Peter, 2018. "Oil market volatility and stock market volatility," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 204-214.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Implied volatility; Realized volatility; Electricity; Forwards; Options;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing

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