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What if energy time series are not independent? Implications for energy-GDP causality analysis

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  • Bruns, Stephan B.
  • Gross, Christian

Abstract

Time series of electricity, petroleum products, and renewables are found to be highly correlated with total energy consumption. Applying this insight to the huge literature on energy-GDP causality explains that the results of total energy-GDP causality tests frequently coincide with the results of energy type-GDP tests. Using the test by Toda–Yamamoto in combination with a cointegration-based testing approach, we detect such cases of concordance for 92% of the countries in our sample of 65 countries. We infer that drawing specific economic conclusions with regard to single types of energy from bivariate causality analysis is difficult.

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  • Bruns, Stephan B. & Gross, Christian, 2013. "What if energy time series are not independent? Implications for energy-GDP causality analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 753-759.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:40:y:2013:i:c:p:753-759
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.08.020
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    3. Stephan B. Bruns, Christian Gross and David I. Stern, 2014. "Is There Really Granger Causality Between Energy Use and Output?," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 4).
    4. Nurcan Kilinc-Ata, 2018. "Assessing the Future of Renewable Energy Consumption for United Kingdom, Turkey and Nigeria," Foresight and STI Governance (Foresight-Russia till No. 3/2015), National Research University Higher School of Economics, vol. 12(4), pages 62-77.
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    8. Burke, Paul J. & Csereklyei, Zsuzsanna, 2016. "Understanding the energy-GDP elasticity: A sectoral approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 199-210.
    9. Hasanov, Fakhri & Bulut, Cihan & Suleymanov, Elchin, 2017. "Review of energy-growth nexus: A panel analysis for ten Eurasian oil exporting countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 369-386.
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    13. Ikegami, Masako & Wang, Zijian, 2016. "The long-run causal relationship between electricity consumption and real GDP: Evidence from Japan and Germany," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 38(5), pages 767-784.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy; GDP; Granger causality; Correlation; Electricity; Petroleum products; Renewables; Toda–Yamamoto; Johansen–Juselius;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection

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