Vulmob, a new multidimensional indicator of mobility vulnerability

Mobility enables to find jobs, go to school or meet people. However, long distances, high costs, car dependency and poor accessibility are sources of mobility vulnerabilities. The current rise in fuel prices may have a strong impact on mobility, especially for households that rely heavily on their cars. Moreover, the need to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gases emissions requires the implementation of ambitious environmental policies. It is therefore necessary to identify transport poor households, affected by financial issues, as well as vulnerable households whose mobility would be strongly impacted by changes in individual mobility conditions and would have difficulties to adapt to this situation. To this end, we construct VulMob, a multidimensional indicator made up of thirteen individual factors organized in four dimensions: financial resources and transport affordability, work constraints, heavy car use and accessibility and structural constraints. We apply this indicator to the Grenoble area, in France. Our results show that 9.6% are highly vulnerable, meaning that they face at least six vulnerability issues and 5.5% of the households face transport affordability issues. A typology of five profiles of highly vulnerable households shows that some are financially constrained; others are heavy car users, work at night or face public transport accessibility problems.