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Optimal decisions on prices, order quantities, and returns policies in a supply chain with two-period selling

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  • Li, Dan
  • Chen, Jing
  • Liao, Yi

Abstract

Selling products in a regular period and a markdown period, in the presence of customer returns, is common practice in the retailing industry. It is critical for the retailer to manage returns by choosing appropriate returns policies for the two periods. This paper examines the retailer's customer returns policy strategy, and pricing and ordering decisions, in a supply chain selling seasonal products over two periods. The manufacturer is a Stackelberg pricing leader and sets wholesale prices at the beginning of each period. The retailer may carry over both returns and strategic inventory of new products from the regular period to the markdown period; we show that if the holding cost on new products is low it carries over strategic inventory; it also carries returns to the markdown period, if it offers a Money-Back Guarantee in the regular period. Interestingly, we find that customer returns can serve as a substitute for inventory, and the retailer is less likely to carry strategic inventory from the first period to the second when it offers an MBG returns policy, as compared to when it offers a no-refund policy. We also show that an MBG returns policy is not always a dominant returns strategy for the retailer, if it has the option to carry strategic inventory. We identify the conditions under which either a no-refund policy or an MBG over two periods can lead to a Pareto improvement for both the retailer and the manufacturer.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Dan & Chen, Jing & Liao, Yi, 2021. "Optimal decisions on prices, order quantities, and returns policies in a supply chain with two-period selling," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 290(3), pages 1063-1082.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:290:y:2021:i:3:p:1063-1082
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2020.08.044
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    Cited by:

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    2. Li, Dan & Chen, Jing & Chen, Bintong & Liao, Yi, 2022. "Manufacturer’s contract choice and retailer’s returns management strategy," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    3. Guo, Xiongfei & Chen, Jing, 2023. "Manufacturer’s quality improvement and Retailer’s In-store service in the presence of customer returns," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    4. Li, Dan & Chen, Jing & Liao, Yi, 2021. "Outsourcing strategy in the presence of the customer returns," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    5. Zhang, Qiao & Chen, Jing & Chen, Bintong, 2021. "Information strategy in a supply chain under asymmetric customer returns information," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    6. Khouja, Moutaz & Hammami, Ramzi, 2023. "Optimizing price, order quantity, and return policy in the presence of consumer opportunistic behavior for online retailers," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 309(2), pages 683-703.
    7. Wang, Lisha & Chen, Jing & Song, Huaming, 2021. "Marketplace or reseller? Platform strategy in the presence of customer returns," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    8. He, Peng & He, Yong & Zhou, Li, 2023. "Channel strategies for dual-channel firms to counter strategic consumers," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    9. Mei-Chuan Cheng & Chun-Tao Chang & Tsu-Pang Hsieh, 2023. "An Inventory Model with Advertisement- and Customer-Relationship-Management-Sensitive Demand for a Product’s Life Cycle," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-16, March.
    10. Sarkar, Biswajit & Dey, Bikash Koli, 2023. "Is online-to-offline customer care support essential for consumer service?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    11. Niu, Baozhuang & Xu, Haotao & Dai, Zhipeng, 2022. "Check Only Once? Health Information Exchange between Competing Private Hospitals," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    12. Zhu, Xiaoliang & Guo, Zixue & Yang, Guoqing, 2023. "Credit coguarantee loan buyback contracts: Equilibrium and coordination strategies," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).

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