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Integrated modelling for economic valuation of the role of forests and woodlands in drinking water provision to two African cities

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  • Ashagre, Biniam B.
  • Platts, Philip J.
  • Njana, Marco
  • Burgess, Neil D.
  • Balmford, Andrew
  • Turner, R. Kerry
  • Schaafsma, Marije

Abstract

Rapidly growing economies often have high population growth, resulting in agricultural expansion in rural areas and increased water demand in urban areas. Conversion of forests and woodlands to agriculture may threaten safe and reliable water supply in cities. This study assesses the regulating functions and economic values of forests and woodlands in meeting the water needs of two major cities in Tanzania and proposes an integrated modelling approach with a scenario-based analysis to estimate costs of water supply avoided by forest conservation. We use the process-based hydrological Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate the role of woody habitats in the regulation of hydrological flow and sediment control. We find that the forests and woodlands play a significant role in regulating sediment load in rivers and reducing peak flows, with implications for the water supply from the Ruvu River to Dar es Salaam and Morogoro. A cost-based value assessment under water treatment works conditions up to 2016 suggests that water supply failure due to deforestation would cost Dar es Salaam USD 4.6–17.6 million per year and Morogoro USD 308 thousand per year. Stronger enforcement of forest and woodland protection in Tanzania must balance water policy objectives and food security.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashagre, Biniam B. & Platts, Philip J. & Njana, Marco & Burgess, Neil D. & Balmford, Andrew & Turner, R. Kerry & Schaafsma, Marije, 2018. "Integrated modelling for economic valuation of the role of forests and woodlands in drinking water provision to two African cities," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 32(PA), pages 50-61.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecoser:v:32:y:2018:i:pa:p:50-61
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.05.004
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    1. Siderius, C. & Biemans, H. & Kashaigili, J. & Conway, D., 2022. "Water conservation can reduce future water-energy-food-environment trade-offs in a medium-sized African river basin," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    2. Tibesigwa, Byela & Ntuli, Herbert & Muta, Telvin, 2023. "Willingness to Pay for Nature Restoration and Conservation in Sub-Saharan African Cities: The Case of Forests, Rivers and Coasts in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania," EfD Discussion Paper 23-7, Environment for Development, University of Gothenburg.
    3. Edward B. Barbier & Angela Cindy Emefa Mensah & Michelan Wilson, 2023. "Valuing the Environment as Input, Ecosystem Services and Developing Countries," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 84(3), pages 677-694, March.
    4. Giménez, J.C. & Diaz-Balteiro, L. & Bertomeu, M., 2019. "The effective hydrological neighborhood: A new concept to formulate harvest area constraints," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 404(C), pages 83-90.
    5. Caroline King-Okumu, 2018. "Valuing Environmental Benefit Streams in the Dryland Ecosystems of Sub-Saharan Africa," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-23, November.
    6. Andrea Momblanch & Lindsay Beevers & Pradeep Srinivasalu & Anil Kulkarni & Ian P. Holman, 2020. "Enhancing production and flow of freshwater ecosystem services in a managed Himalayan river system under uncertain future climate," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 162(2), pages 343-361, September.
    7. Hérivaux, C. & Vinatier, F. & Sabir, M. & Guillot, F. & Rinaudo, J.D., 2021. "Combining narrative scenarios, local knowledge and land-use change modelling for integrating soil erosion in a global perspective," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    8. Philip J. Platts & Marije Schaafsma & R. Kerry Turner & Neil D. Burgess & Brendan Fisher & Boniface P. Mbilinyi & Pantaleo K. T. Munishi & Taylor H. Ricketts & Ruth D. Swetnam & Antje Ahrends & Biniam, 2023. "Inequitable Gains and Losses from Conservation in a Global Biodiversity Hotspot," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 86(3), pages 381-405, November.

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