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The effect of tourism on teleconnected ecosystem services and urban sustainability: An emergy approach

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  • Lee, Ying-Chieh
  • Liao, Pei-Ting

Abstract

Tourism plays an increasingly critical role in national and urban economies. While tourist spending particularly benefits urban economies, the growth of urban tourism has gradually intensified cities’ reliance on external resources and significantly influenced resource-supplying areas. This study adopts the concept of urban land teleconnections (ULTs) to discuss how the cultural ecosystem services in the tourism industry have affected distant areas in general and how the increased tourist flow has intensified Taipei's dependence on external resources and challenged its urban sustainability in particular. An emergy-based analysis is conducted to evaluate the contribution of material flows triggered by urban tourism into the urban ecological-economic system and to demonstrate how urban tourism has increased the city's reliance on external distant areas. The analysis highlights the biophysical value created by external resources in the economic system. Driven by growing urban tourism during 2000–2016, Taipei witnessed considerable material inflow, including construction materials for newly built hotels, gasoline for sightseeing buses, food for tourists, and money through retail consumption. These material inflows are converted into emergy flows to analyze the effects of tourism-driven material flows on urban sustainability. The results show that emergy inflows driven by urban tourism considerably increased the flow of construction materials needed to build hotels to meet tourists’ accommodation needs. As a result, the total emergy driven by Taipei tourism increased fifteen-fold since 2000 and crested in 2015. However, the demand for tourism-related resources triggered changes in land use and land cover in distant resource-supplying areas. Such ULTs further contributed to unequal ecological exchanges. Our findings highlight the need for urban sustainability assessments to account for the impact of ULTs driven by urban tourism on distant resource-supplying areas. In addition, tourism planning and management should not be a facet but a core element of urban planning objectives.

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  • Lee, Ying-Chieh & Liao, Pei-Ting, 2021. "The effect of tourism on teleconnected ecosystem services and urban sustainability: An emergy approach," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 439(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:439:y:2021:i:c:s0304380020304105
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109343
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    2. Zubaida Muyibul & Xiaoping Tan & Juma Tuniyazi & Rongrong Du, 2023. "Relationships between Tourism, Urbanization and Ecosystem Service Value in the Cities of Xinjiang in Northwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, February.
    3. Xingyu Yang & Fengtai Zhang & Yuedong Xiao & Youzhi An & Caixia Jiang & Hongmei Tan & Guofang Gong, 2023. "Coupling and interaction between tourism eco-efficiency and new urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt: based on the perspective of uncoupling coordination," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(11), pages 13171-13197, November.
    4. Zhang, Can & Su, Bo & Beckmann, Michael & Volk, Martin, 2024. "Emergy-based evaluation of ecosystem services: Progress and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    5. Louise Guibrunet & Araceli Sánchez Jiménez, 2023. "The current and potential role of urban metabolism studies to analyze the role of food in urban sustainability," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(1), pages 196-209, February.
    6. Cui Wang & Yingyan Zhang & Conghu Liu & Fagang Hu & Shuling Zhou & Juan Zhu, 2021. "Emergy-Based Assessment and Suggestions for Sustainable Development of Regional Ecological Economy: A Case Study of Anhui Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, March.
    7. Jiaxin Tan & Kai Wang & Chang Gan & Xuefeng Ma, 2023. "The Impacts of Tourism Development on Urban–Rural Integration: An Empirical Study Undertaken in the Yangtze River Delta Region," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, July.
    8. Yinan Xu & Yingxing Zhao & Peng Sui & Wangsheng Gao & Zhijun Li & Yuanquan Chen, 2021. "Emergy-Based Evaluation on the Systemic Sustainability of Rural Ecosystem under China Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization: A Case of the Village in North China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, July.

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