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The Canadian model for peatlands (CaMP): A peatland carbon model for national greenhouse gas reporting

Author

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  • Bona, Kelly Ann
  • Shaw, Cindy
  • Thompson, Dan K.
  • Hararuk, Oleksandra
  • Webster, Kara
  • Zhang, Gary
  • Voicu, Mihai
  • Kurz, Werner A.

Abstract

A model framework for national greenhouse gas emission and removal estimation for Canadian peatlands (CaMP v2.0) was developed and tested. It provides a module that can work alongside the upland forest Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM) developed to eventually replace the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) as the core model in Canada's National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System. The CaMP (v2.0) provides a simple model foundation that can be applied nationally for 11 different peatland categories. It tracks the growth, turnover and decay in annual time steps of different vegetation components (foliage, branches, stems, and roots of trees, shrubs, sedges and mosses). It uses a Q10 relationship to model peat C pool decomposition as a function of mean annual temperature, and models methane flux response to deviations in annual water table depth. The CaMP takes a simple approach to modeling hydrology for large spatial scales by using the nationally-available Canadian Fire Weather Index Drought Code to predict long-term and annual water table depth. The CaMP (v2.0) provides the framework needed to model disturbances but only includes wildfire in this version. Model behavior and sensitivity were assessed, and evaluated against observed flux data. Results suggest that the CaMP (v2.0) provides an appropriate structure for large spatial- and temporal-scale estimation of emissions, owing to the model behaving as expected relative to shifts in environmental variables, and to reasonably small mean observed to modeled residuals. Methane was overestimated by the model on average by 6 g C ha−1y − 1 (n = 53 years of data across 11 peatland sites), and by 8 g C ha−1y − 1 when weighted by site location (n = 12 sites, ≥ 3 years of data per site). The model overestimated net ecosystem exchange (NEE) by 20 g C ha−1y − 1 (n = 36 years of data across 12 peatland sites), and by 2 g C ha−1y − 1 when weighted by site location (n = 11 sites, ≥ 3 years of data per site), and results demonstrate that inter-site variation is greater than temporal variation across NEE measures. Several aspects were identified as requiring further work to increase explained variation in finer-scale emission estimates. Recommendations include further expanding the existing peatland databases to re-calibrate peat decomposition rates and better parameterize NPP rates by region for certain vegetation layers and peatland types, as well as developing a national annual-scale soil temperature model that could serve to replace the air temperature (Q10) decay relationship currently used in the CaMP (v2.0). Data gaps that were identified include the need for annualized methane flux datasets with appropriate annual-scale meta-data. Future work is required to include permafrost dynamics, as well as additional natural, and anthropogenic disturbances.

Suggested Citation

  • Bona, Kelly Ann & Shaw, Cindy & Thompson, Dan K. & Hararuk, Oleksandra & Webster, Kara & Zhang, Gary & Voicu, Mihai & Kurz, Werner A., 2020. "The Canadian model for peatlands (CaMP): A peatland carbon model for national greenhouse gas reporting," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 431(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:431:y:2020:i:c:s0304380020302350
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109164
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kurz, W.A. & Dymond, C.C. & White, T.M. & Stinson, G. & Shaw, C.H. & Rampley, G.J. & Smyth, C. & Simpson, B.N. & Neilson, E.T. & Trofymow, J.A. & Metsaranta, J. & Apps, M.J., 2009. "CBM-CFS3: A model of carbon-dynamics in forestry and land-use change implementing IPCC standards," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(4), pages 480-504.
    2. Bates, Douglas & Mächler, Martin & Bolker, Ben & Walker, Steve, 2015. "Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 67(i01).
    3. Hararuk, Oleksandra & Shaw, Cindy & Kurz, Werner A., 2017. "Constraining the organic matter decay parameters in the CBM-CFS3 using Canadian National Forest Inventory data and a Bayesian inversion technique," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 364(C), pages 1-12.
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    Cited by:

    1. Joan P. Casas-Ruiz & Pascal Bodmer & Kelly Ann Bona & David Butman & Mathilde Couturier & Erik J. S. Emilson & Kerri Finlay & Hélène Genet & Daniel Hayes & Jan Karlsson & David Paré & Changhui Peng & , 2023. "Integrating terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to constrain estimates of land-atmosphere carbon exchange," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Bona, Kelly A. & Webster, Kara L. & Thompson, Dan K. & Hararuk, Oleksandra & Zhang, Gary & Kurz, Werner A., 2024. "Using the Canadian Model for Peatlands (CaMP) to examine greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sink strength in Canada's boreal and temperate peatlands," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 490(C).

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