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Phytoplankton functional diversity increases ecosystem productivity and stability

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  • Vallina, S.M.
  • Cermeno, P.
  • Dutkiewicz, S.
  • Loreau, M.
  • Montoya, J.M.

Abstract

The effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning is one of the major questions of ecology. However, the role of phytoplankton functional diversity in ecosystem productivity and stability under fluctuating (i.e. non-equilibrium) environments remains largely unknown. Here we use a marine ecosystem model to study the effect of phytoplankton functional diversity on both ecosystem productivity and its stability for seasonally variable nutrient supply and temperature. Functional diversity ranges from low to high along these two environmental axes independently. Changes in diversity are obtained by varying the range of uptake strategies and thermal preferences of the species present in the community. Species can range from resource gleaners to opportunists, and from cold to warm thermal preferences. The phytoplankton communities self-assemble as a result of species selection by resource competition (nutrients) and environmental filtering (temperature). Both processes lead to species asynchrony but their effect on productivity and stability differ. We find that the diversity of temperature niches has a strong and direct positive effect on productivity and stability due to species complementarity, while the diversity of uptake strategies has a weak and indirect positive effect due to sampling probability. These results show that more functionally diverse phytoplankton communities lead to higher and more stable ecosystem productivity but the positive effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning depends critically on the type of environmental gradient.

Suggested Citation

  • Vallina, S.M. & Cermeno, P. & Dutkiewicz, S. & Loreau, M. & Montoya, J.M., 2017. "Phytoplankton functional diversity increases ecosystem productivity and stability," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 361(C), pages 184-196.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:361:y:2017:i:c:p:184-196
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.06.020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. S. M. Vallina & M. J. Follows & S. Dutkiewicz & J. M. Montoya & P. Cermeno & M. Loreau, 2014. "Global relationship between phytoplankton diversity and productivity in the ocean," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-10, September.
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    5. David Tilman & Peter B. Reich & Johannes M. H. Knops, 2006. "Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment," Nature, Nature, vol. 441(7093), pages 629-632, June.
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    1. Smeti, Evangelia & Roelke, Daniel L. & Tsirtsis, George & Spatharis, Sofie, 2018. "Species extinctions strengthen the relationship between biodiversity and resource use efficiency," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 384(C), pages 75-86.
    2. Sauterey, Boris & Gland, Guillaume Le & Cermeño, Pedro & Aumont, Olivier & Lévy, Marina & Vallina, Sergio M., 2023. "Phytoplankton adaptive resilience to climate change collapses in case of extreme events – A modeling study," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 483(C).
    3. Maar, Marie & Butenschön, Momme & Daewel, Ute & Eggert, Anja & Fan, Wei & Hjøllo, Solfrid S. & Hufnagl, Marc & Huret, Martin & Ji, Rubao & Lacroix, Geneviève & Peck, Myron A. & Radtke, Hagen & Sailley, 2018. "Responses of summer phytoplankton biomass to changes in top-down forcing: Insights from comparative modelling," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 376(C), pages 54-67.
    4. S. I. Anderson & A. D. Barton & S. Clayton & S. Dutkiewicz & T. A. Rynearson, 2021. "Marine phytoplankton functional types exhibit diverse responses to thermal change," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.

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