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Embodied water for urban economy: A three-scale input–output analysis for Beijing 2010

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Listed:
  • Han, M.Y.
  • Chen, G.Q.
  • Mustafa, M.T.
  • Hayat, T.
  • Shao, Ling
  • Li, J.S.
  • Xia, X.H.
  • Ji, Xi

Abstract

The scheme of a three-scale input–output analysis is presented in this study to investigate the water use profile of the urban economy in Beijing. Defined as total water including direct and indirect water, embodied water for an urban economy supported by massive domestic and foreign trade can be decomposed into nine categories corresponding to three sources (local withdrawal, domestic imports, and foreign imports) and three destinations (local final demand, domestic exports, and foreign exports). Based on statistics for Beijing in 2010, the case urban economy is endowed with just 3.53 billion m3 of local water withdrawal, whereas the total embodied water demand is estimated up to 13.61 billion m3, almost quadruple the local water withdrawal. The extra 10.08 billion m3 of indirect water use is obtained via cross-boundary trade. Overall, Beijing's total water demand is satisfied mainly by domestic imports by a share of more than 60%, and partly by foreign imports by a share of around 20%. The unintentionally induced water embodied in domestic and global trade plays an essential role in satisfying the water demand, which has essential implications for decision making to ease urban water scarcity.

Suggested Citation

  • Han, M.Y. & Chen, G.Q. & Mustafa, M.T. & Hayat, T. & Shao, Ling & Li, J.S. & Xia, X.H. & Ji, Xi, 2015. "Embodied water for urban economy: A three-scale input–output analysis for Beijing 2010," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 318(C), pages 19-25.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:318:y:2015:i:c:p:19-25
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.05.024
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Han, Mengyao & Chen, Guoqian, 2018. "Global arable land transfers embodied in Mainland China’s foreign trade," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 521-534.
    3. Li, J.S. & Chen, G.Q. & Chen, B. & Yang, Q. & Wei, W.D. & Wang, P. & Dong, K.Q. & Chen, H.P., 2017. "The impact of trade on fuel-related mercury emissions in Beijing—evidence from three-scale input-output analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 742-752.
    4. Ji, Xi & Han, Mengyao & Ulgiati, Sergio, 2020. "Optimal allocation of direct and embodied arable land associated to urban economy: Understanding the options deriving from economic globalization," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    5. Wu, X.F. & Chen, G.Q., 2017. "Energy use by Chinese economy: A systems cross-scale input-output analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 81-90.
    6. Han, M.Y. & Chen, G.Q. & Dunford, M., 2019. "Land use balance for urban economy: A multi-scale and multi-type perspective," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 323-333.
    7. Li, J.S. & Xia, X.H. & Chen, G.Q. & Alsaedi, A. & Hayat, T., 2016. "Optimal embodied energy abatement strategy for Beijing economy: Based on a three-scale input-output analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1602-1610.
    8. Chen, Shaoqing & Zhu, Feiyao, 2019. "Unveiling key drivers of urban embodied and controlled carbon footprints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 835-845.
    9. Zhang, Pengpeng & Zhang, Lixiao & Tian, Xin & Hao, Yan & Wang, Changbo, 2018. "Urban energy transition in China: Insights from trends, socioeconomic drivers, and environmental impacts of Beijing," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 173-183.
    10. Ren, Bo & Li, Huajiao & Wang, Xingxing & Shi, Jianglan & Ma, Ning & Qi, Yajie, 2022. "The flow of embodied minerals between China's provinces and the world: A nested supply chain network perspective," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).

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