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Sensitivity analysis of the recovery dynamics of a cattle population following drought in the Sahel region

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  • Lesnoff, Matthieu
  • Corniaux, Christian
  • Hiernaux, Pierre

Abstract

Dynamics of cattle populations in arid and semi-arid tropical Africa are highly influenced by droughts, which can create dramatic drops in herd sizes as well as disturbances in sex-and-age structures. The Sahel region is particularly affected by such climate shocks. Successive major droughts are assumed to have effectively decreased the cattle stock and strongly influenced the evolution of pastoral and agro-pastoral systems in the past 40 years and probably before. Demographic resilience, i.e. the ability to recover from significant losses, is a key parameter for the sustainability of livestock populations in systems regularly perturbed by demographic shocks, and thus for prospective studies of the livestock sector, in particular for cattle that are more vulnerable to feed shortage than small ruminants and have a slower biological turnover. Here, a simple mathematical herd growth model is used to simulate the post-drought dynamics of a hypothetical Sahelian cattle population taken as example. A set of scenarios describing the drought severity, herd performances and management practices was considered in a global sensitivity analysis. The resilience was measured by the probability to recover, the recovery time of the population and its annual growth rate during the recovery period. An important finding of the study was the extreme variability of the recovery time. This variability challenges the common postulate according to which 10–15 years are needed for a cattle population to recover after a ‘severe’ drought. This also emphasizes the difficulty of obtaining reliable recovery predictions from inaccurate estimates of demographic parameters. Simulations showed that the proportion of population size decline due to the shock, the calving rate and farmers’ offtake strategy after the drought are overall the most influential factors for recovery dynamics. Simulations also showed that the recovery time can be highly influenced by the transient regime of the herd growth model when the post-drought sex-and-age structure is non-equilibrated. In particular, the sensitivity analysis confirmed that large losses of breeding females during shocks considerably delay herd regeneration.

Suggested Citation

  • Lesnoff, Matthieu & Corniaux, Christian & Hiernaux, Pierre, 2012. "Sensitivity analysis of the recovery dynamics of a cattle population following drought in the Sahel region," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 28-39.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:232:y:2012:i:c:p:28-39
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.018
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cossins, Noel J. & Upton, Martin, 1988. "Options for improvement of the Borana Pastoral System," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 251-278.
    2. Angassa, Ayana & Oba, Gufu, 2007. "Relating long-term rainfall variability to cattle population dynamics in communal rangelands and a government ranch in southern Ethiopia," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 94(3), pages 715-725, June.
    3. Rodgers, W. A. & Homewood, K. M., 1986. "Cattle dynamics in a pastoralist community in Ngorongoro, Tanzania, during the 1982-3 drought," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 33-51.
    4. Lesnoff, M., 1999. "Dynamics of a sheep population in a Sahelian area (Ndiagne district in Senegal): a periodic matrix model," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 61(3), pages 207-221, September.
    5. Cossins, Noel J. & Upton, Martin, 1988. "The impact of climatic variation on the Borana pastoral system," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 117-135.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Caill-Milly, N. & Garmendia, J. Bald & D'Amico, F. & Guyader, O. & Dang, C. & Bru, N., 2022. "Adapting a dynamic system model using life traits and local fishery knowledge — Application to a population of exploited marine bivalves (Ruditapes philippinarum) in a mesotidal coastal lagoon," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 470(C).
    3. Isabel Banos-Gonzalez & Julia Martínez-Fernández & Miguel-Ángel Esteve-Selma & Patricia Esteve-Guirao, 2018. "Sensitivity Analysis in Socio-Ecological Models as a Tool in Environmental Policy for Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-30, August.
    4. Tuffa, Samuel & Treydte, Anna C., 2017. "Modeling Boran cattle populations under climate change and varying carrying capacity," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 352(C), pages 113-127.

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