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Incorporating consumer–resource spatial interactions in reserve design

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  • Rayfield, Bronwyn
  • Moilanen, Atte
  • Fortin, Marie-Josée

Abstract

The persistence of species in reserves depends in large part on the persistence of functional ecological interactions. Despite their importance, however, ecological interactions have not yet been explicitly incorporated into conservation prioritization methods. We develop here a general method for incorporating consumer–resource interactions into spatial reserve design. This method protects spatial consumer–resource interactions by protecting areas that maintain the connectivity between the distribution of consumers and resources. We illustrate our method with a conservation planning case study of a mammalian predator, American marten (Martes americana), and its two primary prey species, Red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus) and Deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). The conservation goal was to identify a reserve for marten that comprised 12% of a forest management unit in the boreal forest in Québec, Canada. We compared reserves developed using analysis variants that utilized different levels of information about predator and prey habitat distributions, species-specific connectivity requirements, and interaction connectivity requirements. The inclusion of consumer–resource interactions in reserve-selection resulted in spatially aggregated reserves that maintained local habitat quality for the species. This spatial aggregation was not induced by applying a qualitative penalty for the boundary length of the reserve, but rather was a direct consequence of modelling the spatial needs of the interacting consumer and resources. Our method for maintaining connectivity between consumers and their resources within reserves can be applied even under the most extreme cases of either complete spatial overlap or complete spatial segregation of consumer–resource distributions. The method has been made available via public software.

Suggested Citation

  • Rayfield, Bronwyn & Moilanen, Atte & Fortin, Marie-Josée, 2009. "Incorporating consumer–resource spatial interactions in reserve design," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(5), pages 725-733.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:220:y:2009:i:5:p:725-733
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.11.016
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Groeneveld, Rolf, 2005. "Economic considerations in the optimal size and number of reserve sites," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 219-228, January.
    2. Svirezhev, Yuri M., 2008. "Nonlinearities in mathematical ecology: Phenomena and models," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 216(2), pages 89-101.
    3. Kevin McCann & Alan Hastings & Gary R. Huxel, 1998. "Weak trophic interactions and the balance of nature," Nature, Nature, vol. 395(6704), pages 794-798, October.
    4. van der Heide, C. Martijn & van den Bergh, Jeroen C.J.M. & van Ierland, Ekko C., 2005. "Extending Weitzman's economic ranking of biodiversity protection: combining ecological and genetic considerations," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 218-223, November.
    5. Gary A. Polis, 1998. "Stability is woven by complex webs," Nature, Nature, vol. 395(6704), pages 744-745, October.
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    1. Laitila, Jussi & Moilanen, Atte, 2013. "Approximating the dispersal of multi-species ecological entities such as communities, ecosystems or habitat types," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 259(C), pages 24-29.
    2. Downs, Joni A. & Heller, Justin H. & Loraamm, Rebecca & Stein, Dana Oppenheim & McDaniel, Cassandra & Onorato, Dave, 2012. "Accuracy of home range estimators for homogeneous and inhomogeneous point patterns," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 66-73.
    3. Liu, Gengyuan & Yang, Zhifeng & Chen, Bin & Gao, Shan & Su, Meirong & Zhang, Yan, 2015. "Designing a multi-species spatially explicit nature reserve network construction framework based on extinction probability: A case study of Wuyishan city," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 318(C), pages 109-117.

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