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How persistent is the effect of conflict on primary education? Long-run evidence from the Rwandan genocide

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  • La Mattina, Giulia

Abstract

I examine the long-term effect of conflict on primary education using data from Rwanda. Previous research has shown that the 1994 genocide reduced primary schooling in the short-term, but the long-term effects are not known. To identify the causal effect of the genocide, I analyze data from four cross-sectional household surveys and use a difference-in-differences identification strategy that exploits variation in conflict intensity across localities. I find that children whose educational attainment had been negatively affected by the genocide eventually caught up. By 2010, there were no detectable effects of the genocide on completed years of education.

Suggested Citation

  • La Mattina, Giulia, 2018. "How persistent is the effect of conflict on primary education? Long-run evidence from the Rwandan genocide," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 32-35.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolet:v:163:y:2018:i:c:p:32-35
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2017.11.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. D. de Walque & P. Verwimp, 2010. "The Demographic and Socio-economic Distribution of Excess Mortality during the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 19(2), pages 141-162, March.
    2. Philip Verwimp & Jan Van Bavel, 2014. "Schooling, Violent Conflict, and Gender in Burundi," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 28(2), pages 384-411.
    3. Verpoorten Marijke, 2012. "The Intensity of the Rwandan Genocide: Measures from the Gacaca Records," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 18(1), pages 1-26, April.
    4. Patricia Justino, 2011. "Violent Conflict and Human Capital Accumulation," HiCN Working Papers 99, Households in Conflict Network.
    5. Marianne Bertrand & Esther Duflo & Sendhil Mullainathan, 2004. "How Much Should We Trust Differences-In-Differences Estimates?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 119(1), pages 249-275.
    6. Singh, Prakarsh & Shemyakina, Olga N., 2016. "Gender-differential effects of terrorism on education: The case of the 1981–1993 Punjab insurgency," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 185-210.
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    Cited by:

    1. Vesco, P. & Baliki, G. & Brück, T. & Döring, S. & Eriksson, A. & Fjelde, H. & Guha-Sapir, D. & Hall, J. & Knutsen, C. H. & Leis, M. R. & Mueller, H. & Rauh, C. & Rudolfsen, I. & Swain, A. & Timlick,, 2024. "The Impacts of Armed Conflict on Human Development: A Review of the Literature," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2462, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    2. Goli, Srinivas & Mavisakalyan, Astghik & Rammohan, Anu & Vu, Loan, 2022. "Conflicts and son preference: Micro-level evidence from 58 countries," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    3. Kerstin Unfried & Krisztina Kis-Katos, 2023. "The heterogeneous effects of conflict on education: A spatial analysis in Sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 60(6), pages 968-984, November.
    4. Helskog, Kristine, 2024. "Effectiveness of aid on educational dropout in post-Genocide Rwanda," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    5. Frederik Wild & David Stadelmann, 2024. "Heterogeneous Effects of Women's Schooling on Fertility, Literacy and Work: Evidence from Burundi's Free Primary Education Policy," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 33(1), pages 67-91.
    6. Boruchowicz, Cynthia & Parker, Susan W. & Robbins, Lindsay, 2022. "Time use of youth during a pandemic: Evidence from Mexico," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    7. Vesco, P. & Baliki, G. & Brück, T. & Döring, S. & Eriksson, A. & Fjelde, H. & Guha-Sapir, D. & Hall, J. & Knutsen, C. H. & Leis, M. R. & Mueller, H. & Rauh, C. & Rudolfsen, I. & Swain, A. & Timlick,, 2024. "The Impacts of Armed Conflict on Human Development: A Review of the Literature," Janeway Institute Working Papers 2426, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Conflict; Genocide; Education; Primary education; Rwanda;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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