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Ecological unequal exchange between Turkey and the European Union: An assessment from value added perspective

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  • Tunç, Gül İpek
  • Akbostancı, Elif
  • Türüt-Aşık, Serap

Abstract

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction policies focus on production and consumption perspectives by primarily concentrating on emissions embodied in demand and supply chains. However, the recent literature on trade points out the importance of the value added content of trade. With globalization, more and more components of final goods are produced in different regions of the world. Therefore, the emission responsibilities are masked by the “value added chains” of final goods that are traded. In this study we investigate the GHG emissions embodied in value added content of Turkish bilateral trade with the European Union (EU) within the context of Ecological Unequal Exchange (EUE) theory. With the model developed, it is possible to trace the direct and indirect emissions along the domestic and foreign value added chains. The analysis is conducted for 22 sectors for the years 1995–2015 using the OECD Trade in Value Added Statistics and World Input-Output Database. Even though Turkey has a trade deficit with the EU for 1995–2015 period, the empirical results of this study indicate that emissions resulting from the exporting activity of Turkey to the EU exceed the EU's GHG emissions resulting from the exporting activity of the EU to Turkey.

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  • Tunç, Gül İpek & Akbostancı, Elif & Türüt-Aşık, Serap, 2022. "Ecological unequal exchange between Turkey and the European Union: An assessment from value added perspective," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:192:y:2022:i:c:s0921800921003281
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107269
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    2. Regueiro-Ferreira, Rosa María & Alonso-Fernández, Pablo, 2023. "Interaction between renewable energy consumption and dematerialization: Insights based on the material footprint and the Environmental Kuznets Curve," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    3. Wei, Long & Li, Wenjing & Jin, Zhida, 2024. "Global value chains participation and trade-induced carbon inequality: A comparative analysis of developed and developing economies," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).

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