IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecmode/v98y2021icp290-301.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Intervention analysis based on exponential smoothing methods: Applications to 9/11 and COVID-19 effects

Author

Listed:
  • Seong, Byeongchan
  • Lee, Kiseop

Abstract

This study extends intervention analysis beyond the ARIMA models, which are currently used by most scholars and practitioners, to exponential smoothing models. This allows us to obtain the benefits of exponential smoothing modeling in analyzing time series with interventions. Exponential smoothing modeling allows for easier seasonal adjustments, and complex seasonality can be more readily incorporated into the analysis. In this study, we propose a method of intervention analysis based on exponential smoothing models through an innovational state-space model, and we obtain maximum likelihood estimates by maximizing the likelihood function of the state-space model. We analyze two applications: the 9/11 effect on U.S. airlines and the COVID-19 effect on the current population of Seoul, Korea. From the proposed method, we estimate the intervention effects and seasonal components in each series. This results in seasonally-adjusted time series with both intervention and seasonality removed.

Suggested Citation

  • Seong, Byeongchan & Lee, Kiseop, 2021. "Intervention analysis based on exponential smoothing methods: Applications to 9/11 and COVID-19 effects," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 290-301.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:98:y:2021:i:c:p:290-301
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2020.11.014
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264999320312505
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.11.014?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peter R. Winters, 1960. "Forecasting Sales by Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 6(3), pages 324-342, April.
    2. Eden Xiaoying Jiao & Jason Li Chen, 2019. "Tourism forecasting: A review of methodological developments over the last decade," Tourism Economics, , vol. 25(3), pages 469-492, May.
    3. Commandeur, Jacques J.F. & Koopman, Siem Jan, 2007. "An Introduction to State Space Time Series Analysis," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199228874.
    4. Makridakis, Spyros & Chatfield, Chris & Hibon, Michele & Lawrence, Michael & Mills, Terence & Ord, Keith & Simmons, LeRoy F., 1993. "The M2-competition: A real-time judgmentally based forecasting study," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 5-22, April.
    5. Zhang, Xiaobo & Wang, Jianzhou & Gao, Yuyang, 2019. "A hybrid short-term electricity price forecasting framework: Cuckoo search-based feature selection with singular spectrum analysis and SVM," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 899-913.
    6. Weron, Rafał, 2014. "Electricity price forecasting: A review of the state-of-the-art with a look into the future," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 1030-1081.
    7. Trapero, Juan R. & Pedregal, Diego J. & Fildes, R. & Kourentzes, N., 2013. "Analysis of judgmental adjustments in the presence of promotions," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 234-243.
    8. Do, Linh Phuong Catherine & Lin, Kuan-Heng & Molnár, Peter, 2016. "Electricity consumption modelling: A case of Germany," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 92-101.
    9. Lai, Sue Ling & Lu, Whei-Li, 2005. "Impact analysis of September 11 on air travel demand in the USA," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 11(6), pages 455-458.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ftiti, Zied & Ben Ameur, Hachmi & Louhichi, Waël, 2021. "Does non-fundamental news related to COVID-19 matter for stock returns? Evidence from Shanghai stock market," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Petropoulos, Fotios & Apiletti, Daniele & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios & Babai, Mohamed Zied & Barrow, Devon K. & Ben Taieb, Souhaib & Bergmeir, Christoph & Bessa, Ricardo J. & Bijak, Jakub & Boylan, Joh, 2022. "Forecasting: theory and practice," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 705-871.
      • Fotios Petropoulos & Daniele Apiletti & Vassilios Assimakopoulos & Mohamed Zied Babai & Devon K. Barrow & Souhaib Ben Taieb & Christoph Bergmeir & Ricardo J. Bessa & Jakub Bijak & John E. Boylan & Jet, 2020. "Forecasting: theory and practice," Papers 2012.03854, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2022.
    2. Makridakis, Spyros & Hyndman, Rob J. & Petropoulos, Fotios, 2020. "Forecasting in social settings: The state of the art," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 15-28.
    3. Villegas, Marco A. & Pedregal, Diego J., 2019. "Automatic selection of unobserved components models for supply chain forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 157-169.
    4. Nie, Ying & Li, Ping & Wang, Jianzhou & Zhang, Lifang, 2024. "A novel multivariate electrical price bi-forecasting system based on deep learning, a multi-input multi-output structure and an operator combination mechanism," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 366(C).
    5. Jennifer L. Castle & Jurgen A. Doornik & David F. Hendry, 2021. "Forecasting Principles from Experience with Forecasting Competitions," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-28, February.
    6. Andrea Kolková & Aleksandr Kljuènikov, 2021. "Demand forecasting: an alternative approach based on technical indicator Pbands," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 12(4), pages 1063-1094, December.
    7. Niels Haldrup & Oskar Knapik & Tommaso Proietti, 2016. "A generalized exponential time series regression model for electricity prices," CREATES Research Papers 2016-08, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    8. Loizidis, Stylianos & Kyprianou, Andreas & Georghiou, George E., 2024. "Electricity market price forecasting using ELM and Bootstrap analysis: A case study of the German and Finnish Day-Ahead markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 363(C).
    9. Gunter, Ulrich & Zekan, Bozana, 2021. "Forecasting air passenger numbers with a GVAR model," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    10. Ahmad Farid Osman & Maxwell L. King, 2015. "A new approach to forecasting based on exponential smoothing with independent regressors," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers 2/15, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics.
    11. Petropoulos, Fotios & Makridakis, Spyros & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios & Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos, 2014. "‘Horses for Courses’ in demand forecasting," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 237(1), pages 152-163.
    12. Sajjad Khan & Shahzad Aslam & Iqra Mustafa & Sheraz Aslam, 2021. "Short-Term Electricity Price Forecasting by Employing Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Extreme Learning Machine," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 3(3), pages 1-18, June.
    13. Oscar Trull & Angel Peiró-Signes & J. Carlos García-Díaz, 2019. "Electricity Forecasting Improvement in a Destination Using Tourism Indicators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-16, July.
    14. Perera, H. Niles & Hurley, Jason & Fahimnia, Behnam & Reisi, Mohsen, 2019. "The human factor in supply chain forecasting: A systematic review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 274(2), pages 574-600.
    15. Auer, Benjamin R., 2016. "How does Germany's green energy policy affect electricity market volatility? An application of conditional autoregressive range models," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 621-628.
    16. Han, Weiwei & Wang, Xun & Petropoulos, Fotios & Wang, Jing, 2019. "Brain imaging and forecasting: Insights from judgmental model selection," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 1-9.
    17. Feng Xu & Mohamad Sepehri & Jian Hua & Sergey Ivanov & Julius N. Anyu, 2018. "Time-Series Forecasting Models for Gasoline Prices in China," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 10(12), pages 1-43, December.
    18. Mirakyan, Atom & Meyer-Renschhausen, Martin & Koch, Andreas, 2017. "Composite forecasting approach, application for next-day electricity price forecasting," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 228-237.
    19. Alireza Pourdaryaei & Mohammad Mohammadi & Mazaher Karimi & Hazlie Mokhlis & Hazlee A. Illias & Seyed Hamidreza Aghay Kaboli & Shameem Ahmad, 2021. "Recent Development in Electricity Price Forecasting Based on Computational Intelligence Techniques in Deregulated Power Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-28, September.
    20. Qiao, Weibiao & Yang, Zhe, 2020. "Forecast the electricity price of U.S. using a wavelet transform-based hybrid model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Innovational state-space model; Seasonal adjustment; Holt-Winters method; Air traffic passenger miles; Current population;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:98:y:2021:i:c:p:290-301. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/30411 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.