IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecmode/v95y2021icp170-180.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The golden hedge: From global financial crisis to global pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Burdekin, Richard C.K.
  • Tao, Ran

Abstract

This paper examines whether gold, and gold mining stocks, were an effective hedge during the 2020 global pandemic and 2008–2009 global financial crisis. Prior research suggests that gold’s hedging value is most evident during crisis periods, but none has compared the 2008–2009 and 2020 episodes directly. Dynamic conditional correlations and hedge ratios are estimated to determine the impact of rising market volatility on the hedging properties of physical gold and gold mining stocks. The results suggest that gold provided strong hedging value during the global financial crisis but did not consistently exhibit this property in 2020. There was less scope for hedging against losses in 2020 because the market recovered so quickly from the March 2020 lows. This contrasts with the extended stock market weakness following the onset of the global financial crisis.

Suggested Citation

  • Burdekin, Richard C.K. & Tao, Ran, 2021. "The golden hedge: From global financial crisis to global pandemic," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 170-180.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:95:y:2021:i:c:p:170-180
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2020.12.009
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264999320312748
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.12.009?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ole Emmrich & Francis Joseph McGroarty, 2013. "Should gold be included in institutional investment portfolios?," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(19), pages 1553-1565, October.
    2. Ilyes Abid & Abderrazak Dhaoui & Stéphane Goutte & Khaled Guesmi, 2020. "Hedging and diversification across commodity assets," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(23), pages 2472-2492, May.
    3. Scott R. Baker & Nicholas Bloom & Steven J. Davis, 2016. "Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 131(4), pages 1593-1636.
    4. Li, Sile & Lucey, Brian M., 2017. "Reassessing the role of precious metals as safe havens–What colour is your haven and why?," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 7(C), pages 1-14.
    5. Hood, Matthew & Malik, Farooq, 2013. "Is gold the best hedge and a safe haven under changing stock market volatility?," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 47-52.
    6. Hamilton, James D, 1989. "A New Approach to the Economic Analysis of Nonstationary Time Series and the Business Cycle," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(2), pages 357-384, March.
    7. Engle, Robert, 2002. "Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(3), pages 339-350, July.
    8. Junttila, Juha & Pesonen, Juho & Raatikainen, Juhani, 2018. "Commodity market based hedging against stock market risk in times of financial crisis: The case of crude oil and gold," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 255-280.
    9. He, Zhen & O'Connor, Fergal & Thijssen, Jacco, 2018. "Is gold a Sometime Safe Haven or an Always Hedge for equity investors? A Markov-Switching CAPM approach for US and UK stock indices," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 30-37.
    10. Nelson Areal & Benilde Oliveira & Raquel Sampaio, 2015. "When times get tough, gold is golden," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(6), pages 507-526, April.
    11. Batten, Jonathan A. & Kinateder, Harald & Szilagyi, Peter G. & Wagner, Niklas F., 2021. "Hedging stocks with oil," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    12. Ke Chen & Meng Wang, 2019. "Is gold a hedge and safe haven for stock market?," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(13), pages 1080-1086, July.
    13. Das, Debojyoti & Kumar, Surya Bhushan & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hasim, Haslifah M., 2018. "On the relationship of gold, crude oil, stocks with financial stress: A causality-in-quantiles approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 169-174.
    14. Ciner, Cetin & Gurdgiev, Constantin & Lucey, Brian M., 2013. "Hedges and safe havens: An examination of stocks, bonds, gold, oil and exchange rates," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 202-211.
    15. Hussain Shahzad, Syed Jawad & Bouri, Elie & Roubaud, David & Kristoufek, Ladislav, 2020. "Safe haven, hedge and diversification for G7 stock markets: Gold versus bitcoin," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 212-224.
    16. Richard C. K. Burdekin, 2021. "Death and the stock market: international evidence from the Spanish Flu," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(17), pages 1512-1520, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Konstantakis, Konstantinos N. & Xidonas, Panos & Michaelides, Panayotis G. & Goutte, Stéphane, 2023. "Gold and CoVid-19: Uncovering the safe haven hypothesis with dynamic MSR modeling," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    2. Zhang, Wenwen & Cao, Shuo & Zhang, Xuan & Qu, Xuefeng, 2023. "COVID-19 and stock market performance: Evidence from the RCEP countries," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 717-735.
    3. Rubbaniy, Ghulame & Khalid, Ali Awais & Syriopoulos, Konstantinos & Samitas, Aristeidis, 2022. "Safe-haven properties of soft commodities during times of Covid-19," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 27(C).
    4. Arslanalp, Serkan & Eichengreen, Barry & Simpson-Bell, Chima, 2023. "Gold as international reserves: A barbarous relic no more?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    5. Golitsis, Petros & Gkasis, Pavlos & Bellos, Sotirios K., 2022. "Dynamic spillovers and linkages between gold, crude oil, S&P 500, and other economic and financial variables. Evidence from the USA," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    6. Uddin, Mohammad Riaz & Hasan, Mostafa Monzur & Abadi, Nour, 2022. "Do intangible assets provide corporate resilience? New evidence from infectious disease pandemics," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    7. Văn, Lê & Bảo, Nguyễn Khắc Quốc, 2022. "The relationship between global stock and precious metals under Covid-19 and happiness perspectives," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    8. Vieira, Duarte Saldanha & Carvalho, Paulo Viegas de & Curto, José Dias & Laureano, Luís, 2023. "Gold's hedging and safe haven properties for European stock and bond markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    9. Richard C. K. Burdekin & Samuel Harrison, 2021. "Relative Stock Market Performance during the Coronavirus Pandemic: Virus vs. Policy Effects in 80 Countries," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, April.
    10. You‐How Go & Jia‐Jun Teo & Kam Fong Chan, 2023. "The effectiveness of crude oil futures hedging during infectious disease outbreaks in the 21st century," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(11), pages 1559-1575, November.
    11. Bentes, Sónia R., 2022. "On the stylized facts of precious metals’ volatility: A comparative analysis of pre- and during COVID-19 crisis," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 600(C).
    12. Chi-Wei Su & Lidong Pang & Muhammad Umar & Oana-Ramona Lobonţ, 2022. "Will Gold Always Shine amid World Uncertainty?," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(12), pages 3425-3438, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Salisu, Afees A. & Raheem, Ibrahim D. & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2021. "Assessing the safe haven property of the gold market during COVID-19 pandemic," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    2. Ali, Sajid & Bouri, Elie & Czudaj, Robert Lukas & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain, 2020. "Revisiting the valuable roles of commodities for international stock markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    3. Akhtaruzzaman, Md & Boubaker, Sabri & Lucey, Brian M. & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2021. "Is gold a hedge or a safe-haven asset in the COVID–19 crisis?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    4. Enilov, Martin & Mensi, Walid & Stankov, Petar, 2023. "Does safe haven exist? Tail risks of commodity markets during COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
    5. Syed Abul, Basher & Perry, Sadorsky, 2022. "Forecasting Bitcoin price direction with random forests: How important are interest rates, inflation, and market volatility?," MPRA Paper 113293, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Mohamed Yousfi & Abderrazak Dhaoui & Houssam Bouzgarrou, 2021. "Risk Spillover during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic and Portfolio Management," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-29, May.
    7. Kang, Sanghoon & Hernandez, Jose Arreola & Sadorsky, Perry & McIver, Ronald, 2021. "Frequency spillovers, connectedness, and the hedging effectiveness of oil and gold for US sector ETFs," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    8. Talbi, Marwa & Bedoui, Rihab & de Peretti, Christian & Belkacem, Lotfi, 2021. "Is the role of precious metals as precious as they are? A vine copula and BiVaR approaches," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    9. Văn, Lê & Bảo, Nguyễn Khắc Quốc, 2022. "The relationship between global stock and precious metals under Covid-19 and happiness perspectives," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    10. Hung, Jui-Cheng & Liu, Hung-Chun & Jimmy Yang, J., 2024. "The economic value of Bitcoin: A volatility timing perspective with portfolio rebalancing," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    11. Chiang, Thomas C., 2022. "The effects of economic uncertainty, geopolitical risk and pandemic upheaval on gold prices," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    12. Hasan, Md. Bokhtiar & Kabir Hassan, M. & Gider, Zeynullah & Tahsin Rafia, Humaira & Rashid, Mamunur, 2023. "Searching hedging instruments against diverse global risks and uncertainties," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    13. Chemkha, Rahma & BenSaïda, Ahmed & Ghorbel, Ahmed & Tayachi, Tahar, 2021. "Hedge and safe haven properties during COVID-19: Evidence from Bitcoin and gold," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 71-85.
    14. Baur, Dirk G. & Smales, Lee A., 2020. "Hedging geopolitical risk with precious metals," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    15. Ariannejad , Aghil & Tehrani , Reza, 2021. "Study on Gold as a Hedge or Safe Haven for the Stock Market by a Markov Switching Approach," Journal of Money and Economy, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, vol. 16(3), pages 377-398, September.
    16. Kamal, Javed Bin & Wohar, Mark & Kamal, Khaled Bin, 2022. "Do gold, oil, equities, and currencies hedge economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risks during covid crisis?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    17. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Agyemang, Abraham & Hasan Chowdhury, Md Iftekhar & Hasan, Mudassar & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain, 2022. "Precious metals as hedge and safe haven for African stock markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    18. Marco Tronzano, 2021. "Financial Crises, Macroeconomic Variables, and Long-Run Risk: An Econometric Analysis of Stock Returns Correlations (2000 to 2019)," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-25, March.
    19. Batten, Jonathan A. & Kinateder, Harald & Szilagyi, Peter G. & Wagner, Niklas F., 2021. "Hedging stocks with oil," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    20. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Hasan, Mudassar & Arif, Muhammad & Suleman, Muhammad Tahir & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Oil and gold as a hedge and safe-haven for metals and agricultural commodities with portfolio implications," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gold; Hedging; Crisis; GARCH; VIX;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:95:y:2021:i:c:p:170-180. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/30411 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.