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Adaptation to climate change in Afghanistan: Evidence on the impact of external interventions

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  • Jawid, Asadullah
  • Khadjavi, Menusch

Abstract

Climate change is a significant obstacle for farmers in the least developed countries like Afghanistan and adaptation support is exceptionally scarce. This paper provides evidence on the impact of the agriculture-related external support on farmers’ adaptation to climate change in the Central Highlands of Afghanistan. To this end, we collected primary data from 1434 farmers whom we interviewed across 14 districts in Bamiyan, Ghazni, and Diakundi provinces. We employ quasi-experimental econometric methods, including an endogenous switching regression analysis, to estimate the treatment effects on various adaptation-related outcomes. We find significant impacts of support interventions on the use of improved types of seeds and farmers’ access to irrigation water. Further impacts on the risk of flood, economic and financial as well as government and institutional adaptation constraints appear to be significant, but sensitive to the existence of unobserved factors. We conclude that farmers perceived changes in the climate, and most of them tried to adapt by employing measures available to them. The impact of external support has been partially effective in addressing immediate and short-term farming challenges related to climate change and extreme weather events. They, however, have not been effective in treating long-term fundamental climate change-related risks. Based on our analysis of the past treatments and farmers’ self-reported priorities, we provide a list of policy recommendations for adaptation to climate change in farming communities in Afghanistan.

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  • Jawid, Asadullah & Khadjavi, Menusch, 2019. "Adaptation to climate change in Afghanistan: Evidence on the impact of external interventions," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 64-82.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecanpo:v:64:y:2019:i:c:p:64-82
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2019.07.010
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    2. Khanal, Uttam & Wilson, Clevo & Rahman, Sanzidur & Lee, Boon & Hoang, Vincent, 2020. "Smallholder farmers’ adaptation to climate change and its potential contribution to UN’s sustainable development goals of zero hunger and no poverty," MPRA Paper 106917, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 07 Sep 2020.
    3. Jawid, Asadullah, 2020. "A Ricardian analysis of the economic impact of climate change on agriculture: Evidence from the farms in the central highlands of Afghanistan," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    4. Twecan, Dalson & Wang, Weiguang & Xu, Junzeng & Mohmmed, Alnail, 2022. "Climate change vulnerability, adaptation measures, and risk perceptions at households level in Acholi sub-region, Northern Uganda," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    5. Weerasekara, Sajeevani & Wilson, Clevo & Lee, Boon & Hoang, Viet-Ngu & Managi, Shunsuke & Rajapaksa, Darshana, 2021. "The impacts of climate induced disasters on the economy: Winners and losers in Sri Lanka," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    6. Nasrin Naher Bithe & Elora Ferdous Ela & Md. Shamsuddin Sarker, 2021. "Understanding Adaptation Techniques of Mango Producers under a Changing Climate: A Micro-Econometric Analysis from Chapai Nawabganj District," International Journal of Science and Business, IJSAB International, vol. 5(8), pages 248-259.
    7. Wu, Zhiyang & Zhou, Tao & Zhang, Ning & Choi, Yongrok & Kong, Fanbin, 2023. "A hidden risk in climate change: The effect of daily rainfall shocks on industrial activities," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 161-180.
    8. Kabir, Jahangir & Cramb, Rob & Alauddin, Mohammad & Gaydon, Donald S. & Roth, Christian H., 2020. "Farmers’ perceptions and management of risk in rice/shrimp farming systems in South-West Coastal Bangladesh," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    9. Meraj Sarwary & Senthilnathan Samiappan & Ghulam Dastgir Khan & Masaood Moahid, 2023. "Climate Change and Cereal Crops Productivity in Afghanistan: Evidence Based on Panel Regression Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-13, July.
    10. George Halkos & Antonis Skouloudis & Chrisovalantis Malesios & Nikoleta Jones, 2020. "A Hierarchical Multilevel Approach in Assessing Factors Explaining Country-Level Climate Change Vulnerability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-14, May.

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