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Real options and contingent convertibles with regime switching

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  • Luo, Pengfei
  • Yang, Zhaojun

Abstract

We consider a firm with no assets in place but an option to invest in a project. The investment is irreversible but delayable in a regime-switching economy. The firm issues equity, straight bonds (SBs) and contingent convertibles (CoCos). We provide the closed-form prices for the firm׳s securities and the pricing and timing of the option. Our numerical analyses discover that issuing CoCos instead of SBs induces much less agency cost of debt. The agency cost is higher in a boom economy than in recession but the difference is small. There is a unique CoCos׳ conversion ratio such that the agency cost arrives at the minimum value zero. The inefficiencies arising from asset substitution and debt overhang are much more significant in recession than in boom. Only if the conversion ratio is not too small, the two inefficiencies disappear during boom periods. While the effects of the conversion rate on optimal capital structure and firm value and those of supervision and jump intensity on optimal CoCos׳ coupon are ambiguous and weak, the stricter the supervision or the longer the economy remains in recession, the less the option value and the optimal SBs׳ coupon.

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  • Luo, Pengfei & Yang, Zhaojun, 2017. "Real options and contingent convertibles with regime switching," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 122-135.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:dyncon:v:75:y:2017:i:c:p:122-135
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2016.12.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Olivier Courtois & Xiaoshan Su, 2020. "Structural Pricing of CoCos and Deposit Insurance with Regime Switching and Jumps," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 27(4), pages 477-520, December.
    2. Yang, Bo & Gan, Liu, 2021. "Contingent capital, Tobin’s q and corporate capital structure," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    3. Philippe Oster, 2020. "Contingent Convertible bond literature review: making everything and nothing possible?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(4), pages 343-381, December.
    4. Ming, Lei & Yang, Shenggang & Song, Dandan, 2018. "Valuation and analysis of performance sensitive debt with contingent convertibility," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 98-108.
    5. Luo, Pengfei & Song, Dandan & Chen, Biao, 2020. "Investment and financing for SMEs with bank-tax interaction and public-private partnerships," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 163-172.
    6. Luo, Pengfei & Chen, Biao & Liu, Fengjun, 2020. "Growth option, debt maturity and cash reserves with bank-tax-interaction," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    7. Yanping Cai & Zhaojun Yang & Zhiming Zhao, 2019. "Contingent capital with repeated interconversion between debt‐ and equity‐like instruments," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 25(2), pages 358-379, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Real options; Contingent convertibles; Regime switching; Agency costs; Capital structure;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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