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Children in out-of-home care as young adults: A systematic review of outcomes in the Nordic countries

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  • Kääriälä, Antti
  • Hiilamo, Heikki

Abstract

Internationally, the Nordic countries occupy top positions in child well-being. We investigated literature on the overall outcomes of young adults from the most vulnerable backgrounds in the Nordic countries, namely young adults who were placed in statutory out-of-home care (OoHC, i.e. foster care) during childhood in the Nordic countries for the protection of their safety and welfare.

Suggested Citation

  • Kääriälä, Antti & Hiilamo, Heikki, 2017. "Children in out-of-home care as young adults: A systematic review of outcomes in the Nordic countries," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 107-114.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:79:y:2017:i:c:p:107-114
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.05.030
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    1. Joseph J. Doyle Jr., 2007. "Child Protection and Child Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Foster Care," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 97(5), pages 1583-1610, December.
    2. Vinnerljung, Bo & Brännström, Lars & Hjern, Anders, 2015. "Disability pension among adult former child welfare clients: A Swedish national cohort study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 169-176.
    3. von Borczyskowski, Annika & Vinnerljung, Bo & Hjern, Anders, 2013. "Alcohol and drug abuse among young adults who grew up in substitute care — Findings from a Swedish national cohort study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 1954-1961.
    4. Vinnerljung, Bo & Hjern, Anders, 2011. "Cognitive, educational and self-support outcomes of long-term foster care versus adoption. A Swedish national cohort study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(10), pages 1902-1910, October.
    5. Courtney, Mark E. & Hook, Jennifer L., 2017. "The potential educational benefits of extending foster care to young adults: Findings from a natural experiment," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 124-132.
    6. Berlin, Marie & Vinnerljung, Bo & Hjern, Anders, 2011. "School performance in primary school and psychosocial problems in young adulthood among care leavers from long term foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(12), pages 2489-2497.
    7. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    8. Kerman, Benjamin & Wildfire, Judith & Barth, Richard P., 2002. "Outcomes for Young Adults Who Experienced Foster Care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 319-344, May.
    9. Elizabeth Pollard & Patrice Lee, 2003. "Child Well-being: A Systematic Review of the Literature," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 59-78, January.
    10. Maluccio, Anthony N. & Fein, Edith, 1985. "Growing up in foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 7(2-3), pages 123-134.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jennifer L. Collins & Laura J. Thomas, 2018. "The influence of social determinants of health among young adults after they have left foster care in the US," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(9-10), pages 2022-2030, May.
    2. Helland, Hege Stein, 2020. "Tipping the scales: The power of parental commitment in decisions on adoption from care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    3. Wilson, Brendan & Barnett, Lisa M., 2020. "Physical activity interventions to improve the health of children and adolescents in out of home care – A systematic review of the literature," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    4. Almqvist, Anna-Lena & Lassinantti, Kitty, 2024. "Tensions and change in liminal spaces – Young people in Swedish out-of-home care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    5. Connolly, Paul & Sebba, Judy & Winter, Karen & Roberts, Jennifer & Tah, Priya & Millen, Sharon, 2023. "The effectiveness of book-gifting programmes to enhance the reading skills of children in care: A randomised controlled trial of ‘Reading Together’ in England," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    6. Townsend, Indra M. & Berger, Emily P. & Reupert, Andrea E., 2020. "Systematic review of the educational experiences of children in care: Children’s perspectives," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    7. Koponen, Anne M. & Nissinen, Niina-Maria & Gissler, Mika & Kahila, Hanna & Autti-Rämö, Ilona & Sarkola, Taisto, 2022. "Out-of-home care and diagnosed mental and behavioral disorders among youth with and without prenatal substance exposure – A longitudinal register-based cohort study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    8. van Breda, Adrian D., 2020. "Patterns of criminal activity among residential care-leavers in South Africa," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    9. Sacker, Amanda & Lacey, Rebecca E. & Maughan, Barbara & Murray, Emily T., 2022. "Out-of-home care in childhood and socio-economic functioning in adulthood: ONS Longitudinal study 1971–2011," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    10. Straatmann, Viviane S. & Jackisch, Josephine & Brännström, Lars & Almquist, Ylva B., 2021. "Intergenerational transmission of out-of-home care and the role of mental health problems: Findings from Stockholm birth cohort multigenerational study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    11. Brännström, Lars & Karlsson, Henrik & Vinnerljung, Bo & Hjern, Anders, 2018. "Childhood risk factors for disability pension among adult former Swedish child welfare clients: Same or different as for majority population peers?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 94-102.
    12. Toikko, Timo & Gawel, Aleksandra & Hietamäki, Juulia & Häkkilä, Laura & Seppälä, Piia & Zhu, Ning, 2024. "Macro-level predictors of child removals: Do social welfare benefits and services reduce demand for children’s out of home placements?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    13. Kääriälä, Antti & Berlin, Marie & Lausten, Mette & Hiilamo, Heikki & Ristikari, Tiina, 2018. "Early school leaving by children in out-of-home care: A comparative study of three Nordic countries," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 186-195.
    14. Frimpong-Manso, Kwabena, 2018. "Building and utilising resilience: The challenges and coping mechanisms of care leavers in Ghana," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 52-59.
    15. Lindner, Abigail Rose & Hanlon, Ryan, 2024. "Outcomes of youth with foster care experiences based on permanency outcome – Adoption, aging out, long-term foster care, and reunification: A systematic review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    16. Karki, Suyen & Ryynänen, Olli-Pekka & Salokekkilä, Pirkko & Häggman-Laitila, Arja, 2023. "Bayesian analysis of the factors explaining the disruptive behaviour of care leavers: A retrospective document analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    17. Borgen, Nicolai T. & Frønes, Ivar & Raaum, Oddbjørn, 2023. "Every tenth child: Heterogeneity in characteristics and life-course patterns among children in contact with child welfare services," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    18. Nina Thorup Dalgaard & Anja Bondebjerg & Elizabeth Bengtsen & Jens Dietrichson & Anders Bach‐Mortensen, 2024. "Protocol: Interventions aimed at preventing out‐of‐home placement of children: A systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 20(2), June.
    19. Toivonen, Katri & Salokekkilä, Pirkko & Puustelli, Anne & Häggman-Laitila, Arja, 2020. "Somatic and mental symptoms, medical treatments and service use in aftercare – Document analysis of Finnish care leavers," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    20. Woodgate, Roberta L. & Morakinyo, Oluwatobiloba & Martin, Katrina M., 2017. "Interventions for youth aging out of care: A scoping review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 280-300.
    21. Cameron, Claire & Hollingworth, Katie & Schoon, Ingrid & van Santen, Eric & Schröer, Wolfgang & Ristikari, Tiina & Heino, Tarja & Pekkarinen, Elina, 2018. "Care leavers in early adulthood: How do they fare in Britain, Finland and Germany?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 163-172.
    22. Hanne Klæboe Greger & Maria C. Stuifbergen & Thomas Jozefiak & Nanna Sønnichsen Kayed & Stian Lydersen & Tormod Rimehaug & Inga Schalinski & Astrid Røsland Seim & Marianne Tevik Singstad & Jan Walland, 2024. "Young Adults with a History of Residential Youth Care: A Cohort Profile of a Hard-to-Reach Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(11), pages 1-18, October.
    23. Strömpl, Judit & Luhamaa, Katre, 2020. "Child participation in child welfare removals through the looking glass: Estonian children’s and professionals’ perspectives compared," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).

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