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Adverse childhood experiences among youth aging out of foster care: A latent class analysis

Author

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  • Rebbe, Rebecca
  • Nurius, Paula S.
  • Ahrens, Kym R.
  • Courtney, Mark E.

Abstract

Research has demonstrated that youth who age out, or emancipate, from foster care face deleterious outcomes across a variety of domains in early adulthood. This article builds on this knowledge base by investigating the role of adverse childhood experience accumulation and composition on these outcomes. A latent class analysis was performed to identify three subgroups: Complex Adversity, Environmental Adversity, and Lower Adversity. Differences are found among the classes in terms of young adult outcomes in terms of socio-economic outcomes, psychosocial problems, and criminal behaviors. The results indicate that not only does the accumulation of adversity matter, but so does the composition of the adversity. These results have implications for policymakers, the numerous service providers and systems that interact with foster youth, and for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Rebbe, Rebecca & Nurius, Paula S. & Ahrens, Kym R. & Courtney, Mark E., 2017. "Adverse childhood experiences among youth aging out of foster care: A latent class analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 108-116.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:74:y:2017:i:c:p:108-116
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.02.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dworsky, A. & Napolitano, L. & Courtney, M., 2013. "Homelessness during the transition from foster care to adulthood," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(S2), pages 318-323.
    2. Boynton-Jarrett, Renée & Hair, Elizabeth & Zuckerman, Barry, 2013. "Turbulent times: Effects of turbulence and violence exposure in adolescence on high school completion, health risk behavior, and mental health in young adulthood," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 77-86.
    3. Slack, Kristen S. & Berger, Lawrence M. & Noyes, Jennifer L., 2017. "Introduction to the special issue on the economic causes and consequences of child maltreatment," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1-4.
    4. Corso, P.S. & Edwards, V.J. & Fang, X. & Mercy, J.A., 2008. "Health-related quality of life among adults who experienced maltreatment during childhood," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(6), pages 1094-1100.
    5. Fowler, P.J. & Toro, P.A. & Miles, B.W., 2009. "Pathways to and from homelessness and associated psychosocial outcomes among adolescents leaving the foster care system," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(8), pages 1453-1458.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jennifer L. Collins & Laura J. Thomas, 2018. "The influence of social determinants of health among young adults after they have left foster care in the US," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(9-10), pages 2022-2030, May.
    2. Brown, Delphine, 2023. "Childhood experiences, growing up “in care,” and trust: A quantitative analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    3. Zinn, Andrew, 2017. "Predictors of natural mentoring relationships among former foster youth," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 564-575.
    4. Hughes, Phillip M. & Thomas, Kathleen C., 2024. "Generational differences in latent classes of exposure to adverse childhood experiences," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    5. Boel-Studt, Shamra M., 2017. "Latent subtypes of youth in psychiatric residential care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 76-85.
    6. Steenbakkers, Anne & van der Steen, Steffie & Grietens, Hans, 2019. "How do youth in foster care view the impact of traumatic experiences?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 42-50.
    7. Melkman, Eran P. & Benbenishty, Rami, 2018. "Social support networks of care leavers: Mediating between childhood adversity and adult functioning," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 176-187.
    8. Tomlinson, Camie A. & McDonald, Shelby E. & Brown, Samantha M. & Shin, Sunny H., 2023. "Exploring dimensions of childhood adversity as predictors of psychological adjustment among adolescents involved in the child welfare system: A latent profile analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    9. Tregeagle, Susan & Moggach, Lynne & Trivedi, Helen & Ward, Harriet, 2019. "Previous life experiences and the vulnerability of children adopted from out-of-home care: The impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences and child welfare decision making," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 55-63.

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