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Factors affecting post-permanency adjustment for children in adoption or guardianship placements: An ecological systems analysis

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  • Liao, Minli

Abstract

Despite a growing body of research on post-permanency adjustment for children adopted from public child welfare agencies, many studies lack a systematic review using a theoretical framework. To develop promising post-permanency services for adopted children with special needs and their families, the first step is to examine risk and protective factors affecting adoption or guardianship adjustment. This study systematically reviews and synthesizes current empirical studies investigating post-permanency outcomes using an ecological systems analysis, with an integration of family theories. A search of five electronic databases and relevant child welfare books identified 36 empirical studies on post-permanency adjustment. Risk factors include some individual factors such as caring for a child with special needs, raising children with a multiple placement or maltreatment history and involving parents with no parenting experience. Living in a family experiencing boundary ambiguity and lacking social support are also risk factors. Protective factors include having adoption preparation and having a child living with married parents, as well as a high level of adoption openness and the availability of formal and informal social support. Implications for child welfare practice and policy also are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Liao, Minli, 2016. "Factors affecting post-permanency adjustment for children in adoption or guardianship placements: An ecological systems analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 131-143.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:66:y:2016:i:c:p:131-143
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tan, Tony Xing & Major, Deborah & Marn, Travis & Na, Eunkyung & Jackson, Andrea L., 2015. "Adopted children's country of origin and post-adoption parent–child relationship quality: Findings from the United States National Survey of Adoptive Parents (NSAP)," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 117-125.
    2. Wright, Lois & Flynn, Cynthia C., 2006. "Adolescent adoption: Success despite challenges," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 487-510, May.
    3. Ryan, Scott D. & Hinterlong, James & Hegar, Rebecca L. & Johnson, Lisa B., 2010. "Kin adopting kin: In the best interest of the children?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(12), pages 1631-1639, December.
    4. Dhami, Mandeep K. & Mandel, David R. & Sothmann, Katy, 2007. "An evaluation of post-adoption services," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 162-179, February.
    5. Goldman, Gerri DeLong & Ryan, Scott D., 2011. "Direct and modifying influences of selected risk factors on children's pre-adoption functioning and post-adoption adjustment," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 291-300, February.
    6. Reilly, Thom & Platz, Laurie, 2003. "Characteristics and Challenges of Families Who Adopt Children with Special Needs: An Empirical Study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(10), pages 781-803, October.
    7. Leung, Patrick & Erich, Stephen, 2002. "Family Functioning of Adoptive Children with Special Needs: Implications of Familial Supports and Children Characteristics," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(11), pages 799-816, November.
    8. Johnson, Daniel & Fein, Edith, 1991. "The concept of attachment: Applications to adoption," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(5-6), pages 397-412.
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    3. Waid, Jeffrey & Alewine, Emily, 2018. "An exploration of family challenges and service needs during the post-adoption period," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 213-220.

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