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What could explain the dramatic rise in out-of-home placement in Finland in the 1990s and early 2000s?

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  • Hiilamo, Heikki

Abstract

Objectives Despite exceptionally favourable economic conditions and school children's outstanding educational attainment the number of children placed outside their home in Finland has increased rapidly in the 1990s and early 2000s. This study identifies factors that are related to a child's risk of placement outside the home in Finland and tries to explore possible explanations for an increase in the share of children placed outside the home.Methods A regression analysis was applied to study the share of children placed outside the home and suggested risk factor indicators on sub-regional level. The use of sub-regional data from SOTKAnet indicator bank allowed us to test indicators for seven areas, namely family structure (single parenthood), receipt of social assistance, unemployment, parents' alcohol and substance abuse, parents' mental health, domestic violence and abortion. Educational level, number of social workers and domestic migration were included as background factors.Results Child placement outside home in Finland is most clearly associated with long-term economic hardships. However, the results indicate that the rate of change in the share of children placed outside the home is associated with alcohol and substance abuse.Conclusions The results suggest that the Finnish success story as a world leader in children's issues has a darker side. A change in the distribution of welfare in Finland seems to place the children in the margin of the society into a more disadvantaged position.

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  • Hiilamo, Heikki, 2009. "What could explain the dramatic rise in out-of-home placement in Finland in the 1990s and early 2000s?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 177-184, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:31:y:2009:i:2:p:177-184
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    1. Kohl, Patricia L. & Edleson, Jeffrey L. & English, Diana J. & Barth, Richard P., 2005. "Domestic violence and pathways into child welfare services: Findings from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(11), pages 1167-1182, November.
    2. *Unicef, 2007. "Child Poverty in Perspective: An overview of child well-being in rich countries," Papers inreca07/19, Innocenti Report Card.
    3. Berger, Lawrence M., 2004. "Income, family structure, and child maltreatment risk," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 26(8), pages 725-748, August.
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    1. Koponen, Anne M. & Nissinen, Niina-Maria & Gissler, Mika & Kahila, Hanna & Autti-Rämö, Ilona & Sarkola, Taisto, 2022. "Out-of-home care and diagnosed mental and behavioral disorders among youth with and without prenatal substance exposure – A longitudinal register-based cohort study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    2. Hiilamo, Heikki & Saarikallio-Torp, Miia, 2011. "Child custody placement outcomes for mothers," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(9), pages 1489-1496, September.
    3. Toikko, Timo & Gawel, Aleksandra & Hietamäki, Juulia & Häkkilä, Laura & Seppälä, Piia & Zhu, Ning, 2024. "Macro-level predictors of child removals: Do social welfare benefits and services reduce demand for children’s out of home placements?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    4. Strolin-Goltzman, Jessica & Holbrook, Hannah, 2023. "The influence of Decision-making ecology on placement into foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).

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    Child placement outside the home;

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