Social support networks and adaptive behaviour choice: A social adaptation model for migrant children in China based on grounded theory

Undergoing rapid urbanisation, China’s migrant population is expanding. Accordingly, the problem of migrant children has attracted widespread attention from various sectors of society. Despite the development of numerous supportive policies, the livelihood of these children remains fraught with difficulty. Addressing this issue, this study seeks to improve the adaptability of migrant children in China. Using grounded theory, this study develops an environment interaction model of migrant children’s social adaptation. More specifically, we conducted in-depth interviews with and participant observation of 22 migrant children in Harbin. Focus was placed on understanding the subjective perception of their life experiences and their interaction with significant others in the city. Eight categories and the storyline connecting them were identified using grounded theory, and used to construct this study’s environment interaction model. Findings show that in face of constraints on adaptation, migrant children with a sizeable social support network adopt selective and spontaneous inclusion to improve their quality of life. Results also indicate that current social support designed for migrant children protects their basic rights but influences their spontaneous inclusion, eventually shaping their sense of identity. This study suggests several recommendations based on the results of its interactive model of social adaptation. Urban society should actively embrace and accept migrant children. The Ministry of Education can adopt the method of ‘counterpart assistance’. Third, migrant children need to maintain a good state of mind, improve their sense of self-worth, and improve their ability to socially adapt in terms of their psychological state. Local governments need to reflect on the role and significance of measures taken from migrant children’s perspective and explore other ways to provide more effective social support for them.