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Interacting faults in california and hindu kush

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  • Muir, Callum
  • Cortez, Jordan
  • Grigolini, Paolo

Abstract

We study seismic fluctuations in California and Hindu Kush using Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA), a technique designed to detect the action of crucial events in time series generated by complex dynamical systems. The time distance between two consecutive crucial events is described by an inverse power law distribution density with a power index μ close to the value μ=2,corresponding to an ideal 1/f noise. DEA was used in the recent past to study neurophysiological processes that in the healthy condition are found to generate 1/f noise and μ close to 2. In this paper we find that in both California and Hindu-Kush the seismic fluctuations of extended areas, implying the action of many faults, yield μ ≈ 2.1, while the regions involving the action of only one fault, or of a very small number of faults, are characterized by μ ≈ 2.4. This observation leads us to make the conjecture that the seismic criticality is due to the interaction of many faults. To support this conjecture we adopt a dynamical model for fault dynamics proposed by Braun and Tosatti and we extend it to describe the interaction between many faults. The DEA applied to surrogate sequences generated by this dynamical model, yields μ=2.37for a single fault and μ=2.16for many interacting faults, in a better agreement with the observation of real seismic fluctuations. This result supports our conjecture and suggests interesting applications to neurophysiological and sociological processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Muir, Callum & Cortez, Jordan & Grigolini, Paolo, 2020. "Interacting faults in california and hindu kush," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:139:y:2020:i:c:s0960077920304677
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110070
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jagielski, Maciej & Kutner, Ryszard & Sornette, Didier, 2017. "Theory of earthquakes interevent times applied to financial markets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 483(C), pages 68-73.
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    3. Korosh Mahmoodi & Bruce J. West & Paolo Grigolini, 2018. "Self-Organized Temporal Criticality: Bottom-Up Resilience versus Top-Down Vulnerability," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-10, March.
    4. Zare, Marzieh & Grigolini, Paolo, 2013. "Criticality and avalanches in neural networks," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 80-94.
    5. Hayat, Umar & Barkat, Adnan & Ali, Aamir & Rehman, Khaista & Sifat, Shazia & Iqbal, Talat, 2019. "Fractal analysis of shallow and intermediate-depth seismicity of Hindu Kush," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 71-82.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Baxley, Jacob D. & Lambert, David R. & Bologna, Mauro & West, Bruce J. & Grigolini, Paolo, 2023. "Unveiling pseudo-crucial events in noise-induced phase transitions," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).

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