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Carbon monoxide emissions of combined pellet and solar heating systems

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  • Fiedler, Frank
  • Persson, Tomas

Abstract

Emissions are an important aspect of a pellet heating system. Low harmful emissions, particularly carbon monoxide, are a measure of a well performing system. High carbon monoxide emissions are often caused by unnecessary cycling of the burner and when the average load is below the lowest possible combustion power of the burner. Combining pellet heaters with a solar heating system can significantly reduce cycling of the pellet heater and avoid the inefficient summer operation of the pellet heater. Five combined systems representing the range of typical solutions of this system type and one recently developed system have been studied, modelled and simulated. These systems are compared to a reference system, which is based on a pellet boiler and is not combined with a solar heating system. The aim was to study CO-emissions of the different types of systems and to analyse the potential of CO-emission reduction when the pellet heater is combined with a solar heating systems. Another aim was to compare the yearly CO-emissions obtained from simulations under realistic dynamic conditions with the yearly CO-emissions calculated based on the values that are obtained by the standard test methods and with the limit values of different regulations. The results from the simulations show that it is possible to almost halve the CO-emissions if the pellet heater is combined with a solar heating system. The results also show that the CO-emissions of existing combined solar and pellet heating systems can be drastically reduced if the pellet heater is properly controlled and some basic design rules are observed. Comparing the yearly CO-emissions obtained from the simulations with the yearly CO-emissions calculated based on the standard test methods shows that using the latter give too low CO-values for the whole year. It is also shown that for the existing systems the average emissions under these realistic annual conditions were greater than the limit values of two eco-labels.

Suggested Citation

  • Fiedler, Frank & Persson, Tomas, 2009. "Carbon monoxide emissions of combined pellet and solar heating systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(2), pages 135-143, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:86:y:2009:i:2:p:135-143
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chasapis, D. & Drosou, V. & Papamechael, I. & Aidonis, A. & Blanchard, R., 2008. "Monitoring and operational results of a hybrid solar-biomass heating system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(8), pages 1759-1767.
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    1. J. Malaťák & J. Bradna, 2014. "Use of waste material mixtures for energy purposes in small combustion devices," Research in Agricultural Engineering, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 60(2), pages 50-59.
    2. Kicsiny, R. & Nagy, J. & Szalóki, Cs., 2014. "Extended ordinary differential equation models for solar heating systems with pipes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 166-176.
    3. Cristiano Franceschinis & Riccardo Scarpa & Mara Thiene & John Rose & Michele Moretto & Raffaele Cavalli, 2016. "Exploring the Spatial Heterogeneity of Individual Preferences for Ambient Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-19, May.
    4. Verma, V.K. & Bram, S. & Delattin, F. & Laha, P. & Vandendael, I. & Hubin, A. & De Ruyck, J., 2012. "Agro-pellets for domestic heating boilers: Standard laboratory and real life performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 17-23.
    5. Niu, Hewen & He, Yuanqing & Desideri, Umberto & Zhang, Peidong & Qin, Hongyi & Wang, Shijin, 2014. "Rural household energy consumption and its implications for eco-environments in NW China: A case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 137-145.
    6. Verma, V.K. & Bram, S. & Vandendael, I. & Laha, P. & Hubin, A. & De Ruyck, J., 2011. "Residential pellet boilers in Belgium: Standard laboratory and real life performance with respect to European standard and quality labels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(8), pages 2628-2634, August.
    7. Žandeckis, Aivars & Timma, Lelde & Blumberga, Dagnija & Rochas, Claudio & Rošā, Marika, 2013. "Solar and pellet combisystem for apartment buildings: Heat losses and efficiency improvements of the pellet boiler," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 244-252.
    8. J. Malaťák & L. Passian, 2011. "Heat-emission analysis of small combustion equipments for biomass," Research in Agricultural Engineering, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 57(2), pages 37-50.
    9. Wöhler, Marius & Jaeger, Dirk & Reichert, Gabriel & Schmidl, Christoph & Pelz, Stefan K., 2017. "Influence of pellet length on performance of pellet room heaters under real life operation conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 66-75.
    10. Persson, Tomas & Fiedler, Frank & Nordlander, Svante & Bales, Chris & Paavilainen, Janne, 2009. "Validation of a dynamic model for wood pellet boilers and stoves," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(5), pages 645-656, May.
    11. Büchner, Daniel & Schraube, Christian & Carlon, Elisa & von Sonntag, Justus & Schwarz, Markus & Verma, Vijay Kumar & Ortwein, Andreas, 2015. "Survey of modern pellet boilers in Austria and Germany – System design and customer satisfaction of residential installations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 390-403.

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