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Life cycle CO2 analysis of LNG and city gas

Author

Listed:
  • Tamura, Itaru
  • Tanaka, Toshihide
  • Kagajo, Toshimasa
  • Kuwabara, Shigeru
  • Yoshioka, Tomoyuki
  • Nagata, Takahiro
  • Kurahashi, Kazuhiro
  • Ishitani, Hisashi

Abstract

An analysis was conducted on greenhouse gas emissions from the liquified natural gas (LNG) chain and life cycle of City Gas 13A [caloric value: 46 MJ/Nm3(11,000 kcal/Nm3)], which is produced from LNG. The analysis was based on highly reliable data which are qualified in terms of source and representativeness. Actually, the latest data for CO2 and CH4 emissions from the natural gas field and liquefaction plant were obtained from field studies. Moreover, the analysis includes CO2 emissions during the LNG transportation from exporting countries to Japan, city gas production and distribution stage in Japan and the manufacturing of facilities associated with the production of natural gas overseas to final domestic consumption. The reduction effect of CO2 using LNG cryogenic energy was also considered. The evaluation showed that the level of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumptions in the modern natural gas production and liquefaction plants were lower than those previously reported due to improvements in the production process. The results of the analysis also provide basic data essential for conducting life cycle analyses in many fields using natural gas.

Suggested Citation

  • Tamura, Itaru & Tanaka, Toshihide & Kagajo, Toshimasa & Kuwabara, Shigeru & Yoshioka, Tomoyuki & Nagata, Takahiro & Kurahashi, Kazuhiro & Ishitani, Hisashi, 2001. "Life cycle CO2 analysis of LNG and city gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 301-319, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:68:y:2001:i:3:p:301-319
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    1. Raugei, Marco & Leccisi, Enrica & Fthenakis, Vasilis & Escobar Moragas, Rodrigo & Simsek, Yeliz, 2018. "Net energy analysis and life cycle energy assessment of electricity supply in Chile: Present status and future scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 659-668.
    2. Sara Al-Haidous & Tareq Al-Ansari, 2019. "Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain Management: A Review of Quantitative Models," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-23, December.
    3. Jang, Hayoung & Jeong, Byongug & Zhou, Peilin & Ha, Seungman & Nam, Dong, 2021. "Demystifying the lifecycle environmental benefits and harms of LNG as marine fuel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    4. Balcombe, Paul & Staffell, Iain & Kerdan, Ivan Garcia & Speirs, Jamie F. & Brandon, Nigel P. & Hawkes, Adam D., 2021. "How can LNG-fuelled ships meet decarbonisation targets? An environmental and economic analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    5. Paul E. Hardisty & Tom S. Clark & Robert G. Hynes, 2012. "Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity Generation: A Comparative Analysis of Australian Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-26, March.
    6. Alamia, Alberto & Magnusson, Ingemar & Johnsson, Filip & Thunman, Henrik, 2016. "Well-to-wheel analysis of bio-methane via gasification, in heavy duty engines within the transport sector of the European Union," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 445-454.
    7. Zhang, Jinrui & Meerman, Hans & Benders, René & Faaij, André, 2021. "Techno-economic and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions assessment of liquefied natural gas supply chain in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    8. Bengtsson, Selma & Fridell, Erik & Andersson, Karin, 2012. "Environmental assessment of two pathways towards the use of biofuels in shipping," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 451-463.
    9. Yuan, Zhiyi & Ou, Xunmin & Peng, Tianduo & Yan, Xiaoyu, 2019. "Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of multi-pathways natural gas vehicles in china considering methane leakage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Baccanelli, Margaret & Langé, Stefano & Rocco, Matteo V. & Pellegrini, Laura A. & Colombo, Emanuela, 2016. "Low temperature techniques for natural gas purification and LNG production: An energy and exergy analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 546-559.
    11. Hussein Al-Yafei & Murat Kucukvar & Ahmed AlNouss & Saleh Aseel & Nuri C. Onat, 2021. "A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-32, October.
    12. Gi-Young Chae & Seung-Hyun An & Chul-Yong Lee, 2021. "Demand Forecasting for Liquified Natural Gas Bunkering by Country and Region Using Meta-Analysis and Artificial Intelligence," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-18, August.
    13. Alessandro Toscano & Filiberto Bilotti & Francesco Asdrubali & Claudia Guattari & Luca Evangelisti & Carmine Basilicata, 2016. "Recent Trends in the World Gas Market: Economical, Geopolitical and Environmental Aspects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-24, February.
    14. Arteconi, A. & Brandoni, C. & Evangelista, D. & Polonara, F., 2010. "Life-cycle greenhouse gas analysis of LNG as a heavy vehicle fuel in Europe," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(6), pages 2005-2013, June.
    15. Kumar, Satish & Kwon, Hyouk-Tae & Choi, Kwang-Ho & Lim, Wonsub & Cho, Jae Hyun & Tak, Kyungjae & Moon, Il, 2011. "LNG: An eco-friendly cryogenic fuel for sustainable development," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4264-4273.
    16. Weisser, Daniel, 2007. "A guide to life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electric supply technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1543-1559.
    17. Saleh Aseel & Hussein Al-Yafei & Murat Kucukvar & Nuri C. Onat, 2021. "Life Cycle Air Emissions and Social Human Health Impact Assessment of Liquified Natural Gas Maritime Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.

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