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Optimal sizing of battery energy storage system for local multi-energy systems: The impact of the thermal vector

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  • Glücker, Philipp
  • Pesch, Thiemo
  • Benigni, Andrea

Abstract

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) can complement the variability of local renewable energy sources. However, existing research focuses on the design of BESS for electricity systems, mainly neglecting interaction with other energy vectors, e.g., the thermal vector. This study investigates the impact of explicitly modelling the thermal vector on the optimal design of BESS within local multi-energy systems. A holistic problem, including the nonlinear representation of the AC power flow, was developed within a non-convex mixed integer quadratically constrained program formulation. Two modelling approaches were employed: the explicit modelling of the thermal vector, and its implicit consideration within an all-electric demand model. These approaches were applied to investigate the impact of neglecting the thermal vector on the optimal BESS design in two real-world case studies. A constant and a time-varying electricity tariff, and three different solar irradiance scenarios were investigated. The results show significant BESS oversizing, higher annual costs and higher global warming impact when neglecting the explicit model of the thermal vector, both within a building and a local energy community. A time-varying electricity tariff enhances the BESS oversizing, with up to 20.5% oversizing for the BESS for a high solar irradiance scenario. Moreover, the annual costs of the all-electric demand model are around 8% higher compared to the explicit multi-energy model. Our findings clearly state the importance of explicitly modelling the coupled thermal vector during the sizing of electrical storage systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Glücker, Philipp & Pesch, Thiemo & Benigni, Andrea, 2024. "Optimal sizing of battery energy storage system for local multi-energy systems: The impact of the thermal vector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 372(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:372:y:2024:i:c:s0306261924011152
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123732
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