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Favorable Start-Up behavior of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers

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  • Rauls, Edward
  • Hehemann, Michael
  • Keller, Roger
  • Scheepers, Fabian
  • Müller, Martin
  • Stolten, Detlef

Abstract

Dynamically-operated water electrolyzers enable the production of green hydrogen for cross-sector applications while simultaneously stabilizing power grids. In this study, the start-up phase of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers is investigated in the context of intermittent renewable energy sources. During the start-up of the electrolysis system, the temperature increases, which directly influences hydrogen production efficiency. Experiments on a 100kWel electrolyzer, combined with simulations of electrolyzers with up to 1MWel, were used to analyze the start-up phase and assess its implications for operators and system designers. It is shown that part-load start-up at intermediate cell voltages of 1.80 V yields the highest efficiencies of 74.0 %LHV compared to heat-up using resistive electrical heating elements, which reaches maximum efficiencies of 60.9 %LHV. The results further indicate that large-scale electrolyzers with electrical heaters may serve as flexible sinks in electrical grids for durations of up to 15 min.

Suggested Citation

  • Rauls, Edward & Hehemann, Michael & Keller, Roger & Scheepers, Fabian & Müller, Martin & Stolten, Detlef, 2023. "Favorable Start-Up behavior of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:330:y:2023:i:pa:s0306261922016075
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120350
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    1. Xu, Boshi & Yang, Yang & Li, Jun & Ye, Dingding & Wang, Yang & Zhang, Liang & Zhu, Xun & Liao, Qiang, 2024. "A comprehensive study of parameters distribution in a short PEM water electrolyzer stack utilizing a full-scale multi-physics model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    2. Wang, Kaichen & Feng, Yuancheng & Xiao, Feng & Zhang, Tianying & Wang, Zhiming & Ye, Feng & Xu, Chao, 2023. "Operando analysis of through-plane interlayer temperatures in the PEM electrolyzer cell under various operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).

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