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Fast capacity and internal resistance estimation method for second-life batteries from electric vehicles

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  • Braco, Elisa
  • San Martín, Idoia
  • Sanchis, Pablo
  • Ursúa, Alfredo

Abstract

The success of second-life (SL) Li-ion batteries from electric vehicles is still conditioned by their technical and economic viability. The knowledge of the internal parameters of retired batteries at the repurposing stage is key to ensure their adequate operation and to enlarge SL lifetime. However, traditional characterization methods require long testing times and specific equipment, which result in high costs that may jeopardize the economic viability of SL. In the seek of optimizing the repurposing stage, this contribution proposes a novel fast characterization method that allows to estimate capacity and internal resistance at various state of charge for reused cells, modules and battery packs. Three estimation models are proposed. The first of them is based on measurements of AC resistance, the second on DC resistance and the third combines both resistance types. These models are validated in 506 cells, 203 modules and 3 battery packs from different Nissan Leaf vehicles. The results achieved are satisfactory, with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) below 2.5% at cell and module level in capacity prediction and lower than 2.4% in resistance estimation. Considering battery pack level, MAPE is below 4.2% and 1.8% in capacity and resistance estimation respectively. With the proposed method, testing times are reduced from more than one day to 2 min per cell, while energy consumption is lowered from 1.4 kWh to 1 Wh. In short, this study contributes to the reduction of repurposing procedures and costs, and ultimately to the success of SL batteries business model.

Suggested Citation

  • Braco, Elisa & San Martín, Idoia & Sanchis, Pablo & Ursúa, Alfredo, 2023. "Fast capacity and internal resistance estimation method for second-life batteries from electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:329:y:2023:i:c:s0306261922014921
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120235
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Carlos Henrique Illa Font & Hugo Valadares Siqueira & João Eustáquio Machado Neto & João Lucas Ferreira dos Santos & Sergio Luiz Stevan & Attilio Converti & Fernanda Cristina Corrêa, 2023. "Second Life of Lithium-Ion Batteries of Electric Vehicles: A Short Review and Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Gu, Xubo & Bai, Hanyu & Cui, Xiaofan & Zhu, Juner & Zhuang, Weichao & Li, Zhaojian & Hu, Xiaosong & Song, Ziyou, 2024. "Challenges and opportunities for second-life batteries: Key technologies and economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    3. Lalinde, Iñaki & Berrueta, Alberto & Arza, Joseba & Sanchis, Pablo & Ursúa, Alfredo, 2024. "On the characterization of lithium-ion batteries under overtemperature and overcharge conditions: Identification of abuse areas and experimental validation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 354(PB).

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