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Cost and carbon footprint reduction of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries through efficient thermal management

Author

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  • Lander, Laura
  • Kallitsis, Evangelos
  • Hales, Alastair
  • Edge, Jacqueline Sophie
  • Korre, Anna
  • Offer, Gregory

Abstract

Electric vehicles using lithium-ion batteries are currently the most promising technology to decarbonise the transport sector from fossil-fuels. It is thus imperative to reduce battery life cycle costs and greenhouse gas emissions to make this transition both economically and environmentally beneficial. In this study, it is shown that battery lifetime extension through effective thermal management significantly decreases the battery life cycle cost and carbon footprint. The battery lifetime simulated for each thermal management system is implemented in techno-economic and life cycle assessment models to calculate the life cycle costs and carbon footprint for the production and use phase of an electric vehicles. It is demonstrated that by optimising the battery thermal management system, the battery life cycle cost and carbon footprint can be reduced by 27% (from 0.22 $·km−1 for air cooling to 0.16 $·km−1 for surface cooling) and 25% (from 0.141 kg CO2 eq·km−1 to 0.104 kg CO2 eq·km−1), respectively. Moreover, the importance of cell design for cost and environmental impact are revealed and an improved cell design is proposed, which reduces the carbon footprint and life cycle cost by 35% to 0.0913 kg CO2 eq·km−1 and 40% to 0.133$·km−1, respectively, compared with conventional cell designs combined with air cooling systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Lander, Laura & Kallitsis, Evangelos & Hales, Alastair & Edge, Jacqueline Sophie & Korre, Anna & Offer, Gregory, 2021. "Cost and carbon footprint reduction of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries through efficient thermal management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:289:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921002518
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116737
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Zhao, Yihang & Dan, Dan & Zheng, Siyu & Wei, Mingshan & Xie, Yi, 2023. "A two-stage eco-cooling control strategy for electric vehicle thermal management system considering multi-source information fusion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    2. Johannes Morfeldt & Daniel J. A. Johansson, 2022. "Impacts of shared mobility on vehicle lifetimes and on the carbon footprint of electric vehicles," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Jessica Dunn & Kabian Ritter & Jesús M. Velázquez & Alissa Kendall, 2023. "Should high‐cobalt EV batteries be repurposed? Using LCA to assess the impact of technological innovation on the waste hierarchy," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(5), pages 1277-1290, October.
    4. Picatoste, Aitor & Justel, Daniel & Mendoza, Joan Manuel F., 2022. "Circularity and life cycle environmental impact assessment of batteries for electric vehicles: Industrial challenges, best practices and research guidelines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    5. Jiahao Liu & Qingwen Ma & Xianbin Li, 2022. "Numerical Simulation of the Combination of Novel Spiral Fin and Phase Change Material for Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries in Passive Thermal Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-16, November.
    6. Pedram Asef & Marzia Milan & Andrew Lapthorn & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, 2021. "Future Trends and Aging Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-28, December.
    7. Dan Dan & Yihang Zhao & Mingshan Wei & Xuehui Wang, 2023. "Review of Thermal Management Technology for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-38, June.
    8. Anqi Chen & Shibing You, 2022. "The Fuel Cycle Carbon Reduction Effects of New Energy Vehicles: Empirical Evidence Based on Regional Data in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-17, November.
    9. Rostad Sæther, Simen, 2022. "Mobility at the crossroads – Electric mobility policy and charging infrastructure lessons from across Europe," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 144-159.
    10. Li, Shen & Marzook, Mohamed Waseem & Zhang, Cheng & Offer, Gregory J. & Marinescu, Monica, 2023. "How to enable large format 4680 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).

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