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Impact of emergency diesel generator reliability on microgrids and building-tied systems

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  • Marqusee, Jeffrey
  • Ericson, Sean
  • Jenket, Don

Abstract

Microgrids are an emerging alternative as an energy backup system for critical electric loads and have improved performance compared to the traditional architecture where a single emergency diesel generator is tied to an individual building. Both architectures are dependent on the reliability of their individual generators and a quantitative and realistic comparison of the overall system reliability of the two architectures is lacking. Using recently published work on emergency diesel generator finite reliability, a quantitative methodology is presented to compare the reliability of a microgrid architecture based on centralized emergency diesel generators to the traditional approach of generators tied to individual buildings. Three system reliability performance metrics are calculated as a function of outage duration: (1) probability to meet 100% of the critical load; (2) expected fraction of lost load; and (3) probability to meet the highest priority critical loads. It is shown that stand-alone building-tied emergency diesel generators systems, even when two emergency diesel generators are used per building, cannot provide the reliability required to sustain critical loads for a grid outage lasting multiple days. Due to their network configuration and ability to share load, diesel generator-based microgrid configurations are estimated to have ≥ 93% probability of powering all buildings for a 2-week outage there the individual building-tied emergency diesel generator architecture has a ≤20% probability. Microgrids do present other susceptibilities that are site specific and should be considered including vulnerabilities associated with the on-campus distribution system and cybersecurity.

Suggested Citation

  • Marqusee, Jeffrey & Ericson, Sean & Jenket, Don, 2021. "Impact of emergency diesel generator reliability on microgrids and building-tied systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:285:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921000052
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116437
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    Cited by:

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    2. Omar Makram Kamel & Ahmed A. Zaki Diab & Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud & Ameena Saad Al-Sumaiti & Hamdy M. Sultan, 2023. "Performance Enhancement of an Islanded Microgrid with the Support of Electrical Vehicle and STATCOM Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-19, February.
    3. Grover, Himanshu & Verma, Ashu & Bhatti, T.S., 2022. "DOBC-based frequency & voltage regulation strategy for PV-diesel hybrid microgrid during islanding conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 883-900.
    4. Yang, Yesen & Li, Zhengmao & Mandapaka, Pradeep V. & Lo, Edmond Y.M., 2023. "Risk-averse restoration of coupled power and water systems with small pumped-hydro storage and stochastic rooftop renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    5. Yin, WanJun & Ming, ZhengFeng & Wen, Tao, 2021. "Scheduling strategy of electric vehicle charging considering different requirements of grid and users," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    6. Manandhar, Ujjal & Zhang, Xinan & Beng, Gooi Hoay & Subramanian, Lalitha & Lu, Herbert H.C. & Fernando, Tyrone, 2023. "Enhanced energy management system for isolated microgrid with diesel generators, renewable generation, and energy storages," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    7. Rodriguez, Mauricio & Arcos–Aviles, Diego & Martinez, Wilmar, 2023. "Fuzzy logic-based energy management for isolated microgrid using meta-heuristic optimization algorithms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).

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