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An analysis of urban environmental Kuznets curve of CO2 emissions: Empirical analysis of 276 global metropolitan areas

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  • Fujii, Hidemichi
  • Iwata, Kazuyuki
  • Chapman, Andrew
  • Kagawa, Shigemi
  • Managi, Shunsuke

Abstract

This study analyzed the relationship between urban CO2 emissions and economic growth applying the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. The objective of this study is to investigate how urban CO2 emissions and their composition have changed with urban economic growth, depending on city characteristics, using a dataset of metropolitan areas. We obtained data for 276 cities in 26 countries for the years 2000, 2005, and 2008. The dataset includes urban CO2 emissions, GDP, and population. Additionally, data regarding compact city variables are applied to determinants analysis using an econometric approach. The results demonstrate an inverted U-shape relationship between urban CO2 emissions and urban economic growth. Additionally, an inverted U-shape relationship is observed for the transport and residential & industry sectors. However, the turning points of each inverted U-shape curve varies. This result implies that we can better understand urban policies for reducing urban CO2 emissions by considering the characteristics of each sector.

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  • Fujii, Hidemichi & Iwata, Kazuyuki & Chapman, Andrew & Kagawa, Shigemi & Managi, Shunsuke, 2018. "An analysis of urban environmental Kuznets curve of CO2 emissions: Empirical analysis of 276 global metropolitan areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1561-1568.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:228:y:2018:i:c:p:1561-1568
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.158
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    8. Lin Cui & Alistair Hunt & Bruce Morley, 2021. "The Effectiveness of Environmental Spending in China and the Environmental Kuznets Curve," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, November.
    9. Wang, Miao & Feng, Chao, 2021. "The win-win ability of environmental protection and economic development during China's transition," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    10. Ansari, Mohd Arshad, 2022. "Re-visiting the Environmental Kuznets curve for ASEAN: A comparison between ecological footprint and carbon dioxide emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    11. Gruszecki Lech & Jozwik Bartosz & Kyophilavong Phouphet, 2020. "International Relations in the Environmental Kuznets Curve - Theoretical Considerations," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 964-982.
    12. Pablo Ponce & Cristiana Oliveira & Viviana Álvarez & María de la Cruz del Río-Rama, 2020. "The Liberalization of the Internal Energy Market in the European Union: Evidence of Its Influence on Reducing Environmental Pollution," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-17, November.
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    14. Harizi Riadh, 2021. "Land artificialization, economic growth, and road insecurity: Theoretical improvements and empirical validation for the case of Algeria," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 18(1), pages 241-255, April.
    15. Charifa Haouraji & Badia Mounir & Ilham Mounir & Abdelmajid Farchi, 2021. "Exploring the Relationship between Residential CO 2 Emissions, Urbanization, Economic Growth, and Residential Energy Consumption: Evidence from the North Africa Region," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-19, September.
    16. Gómez-Gardars, Emanuel Birkir & Rodríguez-Macias, Antonio & Tena-García, Jorge Luis & Fuentes-Cortés, Luis Fabián, 2022. "Assessment of the water–energy–carbon nexus in energy systems: A multi-objective approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    17. Tianhui Fan & Andrew Chapman, 2022. "Policy Driven Compact Cities: Toward Clarifying the Effect of Compact Cities on Carbon Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, October.
    18. Ming Meng & Wei Shang & Xinfang Wang & Tingting Pang, 2020. "When will China fulfill its carbon‐related intended nationally determined contributions? An in‐depth environmental Kuznets curve analysis," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 10(5), pages 1039-1049, October.
    19. Peiqi Hu & Kai Zhou & Haoxi Zhang & Zhong Ma & Jingyuan Li, 2023. "The Cause and Correlation Network of Air Pollution from a Spatial Perspective: Evidence from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Urban CO2 emissions; Environmental Kuznets curve; Compact city; Metropolitan area;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General

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