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A scalable, flexible and transparent GaN based heterojunction piezoelectric nanogenerator for bending, air-flow and vibration energy harvesting

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  • Johar, Muhammad Ali
  • Kang, Jin-Ho
  • Hassan, Mostafa Afifi
  • Ryu, Sang-Wan

Abstract

Flexible functional devices are extremely suitable for malleable, sustainable, and portable applications such as smart clothing, flexible electronics and medical applications. Here, we present a scalable, transparent, and flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (STF PNG) fabricated by forming a p-n NiO/GaN heterojunction using an electrochemical lift-off process to transfer GaN onto a flexible substrate. Several actuation sources such as air-flow, finger forces for bending, vibrations with a frequency of 20 Hz, and cyclic stretching-releasing agitation by a linear motor were applied to generate piezoelectric bias. Peak piezoelectric output voltage and current of 30 V and 1.43 µA, respectively, were measured. Such high piezoelectric bias was generated by suppressing free carrier screening and junction screening; the former was achieved due to removal of compressive stresses from GaN after the lift-off process, while the latter was achieved by the deposition of a highly resistive p-type NiO layer on transferred GaN and a sandwiched Polydimethylsiloxane resulting in a very high junction resistivity of the p-n NiO/GaN heterojunction STF PNG. As a result, our approach provides a new strategy for novel and highly efficient design of semiconductor-based flexible PNGs for a wide variety of applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Johar, Muhammad Ali & Kang, Jin-Ho & Hassan, Mostafa Afifi & Ryu, Sang-Wan, 2018. "A scalable, flexible and transparent GaN based heterojunction piezoelectric nanogenerator for bending, air-flow and vibration energy harvesting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 781-789.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:222:y:2018:i:c:p:781-789
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.038
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Shiwen & Yu, Zhaoyong & Wang, Lili & Wang, Yijia & Yu, Deyou & Wu, Minghua, 2023. "A core-shell structured barium titanate nanoparticles for the enhanced piezoelectric performance of wearable nanogenerator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    2. Maria Joseph Raj, Nirmal Prashanth & Alluri, Nagamalleswara Rao & Vivekananthan, Venkateswaran & Chandrasekhar, Arunkumar & Khandelwal, Gaurav & Kim, Sang-Jae, 2018. "Sustainable yarn type-piezoelectric energy harvester as an eco-friendly, cost-effective battery-free breath sensor," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1767-1776.
    3. Zhang, Tingsheng & Wu, Xiaoping & Pan, Yajia & Luo, Dabing & Xu, Yongsheng & Zhang, Zutao & Yuan, Yanping & Yan, Jinyue, 2022. "Vibration energy harvesting system based on track energy-recycling technology for heavy-duty freight railroads," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).

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