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Optimal sizing and placement of distribution grid connected battery systems through an SOCP optimal power flow algorithm

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  • Grover-Silva, Etta
  • Girard, Robin
  • Kariniotakis, George

Abstract

The high variability and uncertainty introduced into modern electrical distribution systems due to decentralized renewable energy generators requires new solutions for grid management and power quality assurance. One of these possible solutions includes grid integrated energy storage. The appropriate size and placement of decentralized storage is highly dependent on purpose of the battery system and expected operational strategy. However, battery operational strategies are difficult to simulate simultaneously during a sizing and placement planning calculation. The motivation of this paper is to propose an algorithm that is capable of integrating sizing, placement and operational strategies of batteries into an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) distribution grid planning tool. The choice of the OPF approach permits to account for grid constraints which is more adapted for grid-connected storage devices compared to other approaches in the state of the art that are based only on an email balance analysis. This paper presents an alternating current (AC) multi-temporal OPF algorithm that uses a convex relaxation of the power flow equations to guarantee exact and optimal solutions with high algorithmic performance. The algorithm is unique and innovative due to the fact that it combines the simultaneous optimization of placement and sizing of storage devices taking into account load curves, photovoltaic (PV) production profiles, and distribution grid power quality constraints. The choice to invest in battery capacity is highly sensitive to the price of battery systems. The investment in battery systems solely for reducing losses an operational costs was proven not to be cost effective, however when battery systems are allowed to buy and sell electricity based on variable market prices they become cost effective. The assumptions used for this study shows that current battery system prices are too high to be cost effective even when allowing battery system market participation.

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  • Grover-Silva, Etta & Girard, Robin & Kariniotakis, George, 2018. "Optimal sizing and placement of distribution grid connected battery systems through an SOCP optimal power flow algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 385-393.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:219:y:2018:i:c:p:385-393
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.09.008
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    Cited by:

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    13. Fabio Mottola & Daniela Proto & Pietro Varilone & Paola Verde, 2020. "Planning of Distributed Energy Storage Systems in μGrids Accounting for Voltage Dips," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-20, January.
    14. Josue Arpi & Anthony Zambrano & Pablo Robles & Danny Ochoa-Correa, 2024. "Optimization of Impedance Relay Placement in Medium-Voltage Electrical Distribution Systems through Clustering Algorithms and Metaheuristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-20, June.
    15. Huang, Yan & Ju, Yuntao & Ma, Kang & Short, Michael & Chen, Tao & Zhang, Ruosi & Lin, Yi, 2022. "Three-phase optimal power flow for networked microgrids based on semidefinite programming convex relaxation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    16. Iria, José & Heleno, Miguel & Cardoso, Gonçalo, 2019. "Optimal sizing and placement of energy storage systems and on-load tap changer transformers in distribution networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 1147-1157.
    17. Mortaz, Ebrahim & Vinel, Alexander & Dvorkin, Yury, 2019. "An optimization model for siting and sizing of vehicle-to-grid facilities in a microgrid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1649-1660.
    18. Alexis Gerossier & Robin Girard & Alexis Bocquet & George Kariniotakis, 2018. "Robust Day-Ahead Forecasting of Household Electricity Demand and Operational Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, December.
    19. Bozorgavari, Seyed Aboozar & Aghaei, Jamshid & Pirouzi, Sasan & Nikoobakht, Ahmad & Farahmand, Hossein & Korpås, Magnus, 2020. "Robust planning of distributed battery energy storage systems in flexible smart distribution networks: A comprehensive study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    20. Domenico Tomaselli & Dieter Most & Enkel Sinani & Paul Stursberg & Hans Joerg Heger & Stefan Niessen, 2024. "Leveraging Prosumer Flexibility to Mitigate Grid Congestion in Future Power Distribution Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-17, August.
    21. Hannan, M.A. & Faisal, M. & Jern Ker, Pin & Begum, R.A. & Dong, Z.Y. & Zhang, C., 2020. "Review of optimal methods and algorithms for sizing energy storage systems to achieve decarbonization in microgrid applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    22. Mohammadali Kiehbadroudinezhad & Adel Merabet & Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, 2022. "Review of Latest Advances and Prospects of Energy Storage Systems: Considering Economic, Reliability, Sizing, and Environmental Impacts Approach," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-25, June.
    23. Tao Xu & He Meng & Jie Zhu & Wei Wei & He Zhao & Han Yang & Zijin Li & Yuhan Wu, 2021. "Optimal Capacity Allocation of Energy Storage in Distribution Networks Considering Active/Reactive Coordination," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-24, March.

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