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Numerical simulation of cooling effect of vegetation enhancement in a subtropical urban park

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  • Yang, An-Shik
  • Juan, Yu-Hsuan
  • Wen, Chih-Yung
  • Chang, Chao-Jui

Abstract

Vegetation covers in urban parks are very useful for providing a cool microclimate which mitigates urban heat islands (UHIs). The objectives of this investigation are to therefore conduct on-site measurements and computational fluid dynamic simulations to evaluate the cooling efficacy from vegetation planted in a public park in Taipei, which is a subtropical city in Taiwan. The thermo-flow characteristics are predicted and compared with the measured air velocity and temperature data by using ultrasonic anemometers and an infrared camera to validate the computer modeling, including the sophisticated configurations of trees. Computations are also conducted to resolve the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) profiles for assessing the thermal comfort state at the pedestrian level of the outdoor environment. To investigate the impacts of park renewal on the urban microclimate, three pavilions and supplementary green areas are added to the simulation, and the results reveal that there is a better cooling effect in the park with a higher green coverage ratio (GCR). Moreover, the simulations find that the increased tree coverage ratio can more than compensate for loss of coverage of grasses, resulting in an overall decrease in average temperature. The relationship between thermal comfortable area and green coverage ratio tends to be nonlinear in nature. However, it would be more convenient for applications to adopt the linear regression analysis for determining the correlation between the GCR and PET for the percentage of areas that are comfortable (Cf). It shows that Cf=0.96×GCR+5.08, with a reasonable R2 value of 0.91, for GCR ranged from 54.5 to 71.6%, indicating that there is a significant reduced UHI effect with increases in the GCR. In addition, the correlation implies that a completely thermally comfortable condition will prevail in the park if it has full green coverage. This correlation thus serves as an important guideline for urban planners and managers when designing and managing public urban spaces, such as parks.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang, An-Shik & Juan, Yu-Hsuan & Wen, Chih-Yung & Chang, Chao-Jui, 2017. "Numerical simulation of cooling effect of vegetation enhancement in a subtropical urban park," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 178-200.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:192:y:2017:i:c:p:178-200
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.01.079
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    2. Chih-Hong Huang & Hsin-Hua Tsai & Hung-chen Chen, 2020. "Influence of Weather Factors on Thermal Comfort in Subtropical Urban Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-23, March.
    3. Bouthaina Sayad & Mansour Rifaat Helmi & Oumr Adnan Osra & Ahmad Mohammed Abed & Haytham Hussain Alhubashi, 2024. "Microscale Investigation of Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Annaba City: Unveiling Factors and Mitigation Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-29, January.
    4. Murtaza Mohammadi & John Kaiser Calautit, 2019. "Numerical Investigation of the Wind and Thermal Conditions in Sky Gardens in High-Rise Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-33, April.
    5. Beilei Qin & Xi Xu & Takashi Asawa & Lulu Zhang, 2022. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Effect of Passive Cooling Methods on an Indoor Thermal Environment Having Floor-Level Windows," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-24, June.
    6. Šuklje, Tomaž & Hamdy, Mohamed & Arkar, Ciril & Hensen, Jan L.M. & Medved, Sašo, 2019. "An inverse modeling approach for the thermal response modeling of green façades," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1447-1456.
    7. Lee, Louis S.H. & Jim, C.Y., 2019. "Energy benefits of green-wall shading based on novel-accurate apportionment of short-wave radiation components," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1506-1518.
    8. Tang, Mingfang & Zheng, Xing, 2019. "Experimental study of the thermal performance of an extensive green roof on sunny summer days," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1010-1021.
    9. Xuan Ma & Hiroatsu Fukuda & Dian Zhou & Mengying Wang, 2019. "A Study of the Pedestrianized Zone for Tourists: Urban Design Effects on Humans’ Thermal Comfort in Fo Shan City, Southern China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-20, May.

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