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Design and development of a reflective membrane for a novel Building Integrated Concentrating Photovoltaic (BICPV) ‘Smart Window’ system

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  • Connelly, Karen
  • Wu, Yupeng
  • Chen, Jun
  • Lei, Yu

Abstract

As a new concept, Building Integrated Concentrating PV (BICPV) “smart window” system consisting of a thermotropic layer with integrated PVs is treated as an electricity-generating smart window or glazed façade. This system automatically responds to climatic conditions by varying the balance of solar energy reflected to the PV for electricity generation and transmitted through the system into the building for provision of light and heat. Its success relies heavily on the understanding of the relationship between the transmittance/reflectance properties and the composition of the thermotropic layer under different environmental temperatures. Herein, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) polymer and gellan gum based hydrogel membranes with different compositions were synthesized as the reflective thermotropic layer for the smart BICPV system and their transmittance and reflectance systematically investigated in terms of hydrogel composition and environmental temperature. Specifically, a switching temperature (Ts) of ∼42°C (6wt.% HPC) was recorded, the measured transmittance decreases from ∼90% to ∼20%, with the temperature of the reflective layer increasing from 20°C to 60°C. No hysteresis in optical property was observed upon heating-cooling cycle of HPC membrane samples. The measured reflectivity increased with heating from ∼10% below the Ts to ∼50% above the Ts (for 6wt.% HPC). These features indicate that the as-prepared HPC based thermotropic hydrogel layer holds great potential for application in next generation BICPV smart windows.

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  • Connelly, Karen & Wu, Yupeng & Chen, Jun & Lei, Yu, 2016. "Design and development of a reflective membrane for a novel Building Integrated Concentrating Photovoltaic (BICPV) ‘Smart Window’ system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 331-339.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:182:y:2016:i:c:p:331-339
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.125
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    1. Al-Waeli, Ali H.A. & Sopian, K. & Kazem, Hussein A. & Chaichan, Miqdam T., 2017. "Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) systems: Status and future prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 109-130.
    2. Sun, Yanyi & Liu, Xin & Ming, Yang & Liu, Xiao & Mahon, Daniel & Wilson, Robin & Liu, Hao & Eames, Philip & Wu, Yupeng, 2021. "Energy and daylight performance of a smart window: Window integrated with thermotropic parallel slat-transparent insulation material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    3. Flor, Jan-Frederik & Liu, Dingming & Sun, Yanyi & Beccarelli, Paolo & Chilton, John & Wu, Yupeng, 2018. "Optical aspects and energy performance of switchable ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) foil cushions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 335-351.
    4. Lu, Wei & Wu, Yupeng & Eames, Philip, 2018. "Design and development of a Building Façade Integrated Asymmetric Compound Parabolic Photovoltaic concentrator (BFI-ACP-PV)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 325-336.
    5. Li, Guiqiang & Xuan, Qingdong & Akram, M.W. & Golizadeh Akhlaghi, Yousef & Liu, Haowen & Shittu, Samson, 2020. "Building integrated solar concentrating systems: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    6. Karen Connelly & Yupeng Wu & Xiaoyu Ma & Yu Lei, 2017. "Transmittance and Reflectance Studies of Thermotropic Material for a Novel Building Integrated Concentrating Photovoltaic (BICPV) ‘Smart Window’ System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-13, November.
    7. Liu, Haixiang & He, Wei & Liu, Xianghua & Zhu, Jian & Yu, Hancheng & Hu, Zhongting, 2023. "Building integrated concentrating photovoltaic window coupling luminescent solar concentrator and thermotropic material," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    8. Sun, Yanyi & Liang, Runqi & Wu, Yupeng & Wilson, Robin & Rutherford, Peter, 2017. "Development of a comprehensive method to analyse glazing systems with Parallel Slat Transparent Insulation material (PS-TIM)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 951-963.
    9. Li, Guiqiang & Xuan, Qingdong & Zhao, Xudong & Pei, Gang & Ji, Jie & Su, Yuehong, 2018. "A novel concentrating photovoltaic/daylighting control system: Optical simulation and preliminary experimental analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1362-1372.
    10. Vassiliades, C. & Agathokleous, R. & Barone, G. & Forzano, C. & Giuzio, G.F. & Palombo, A. & Buonomano, A. & Kalogirou, S., 2022. "Building integration of active solar energy systems: A review of geometrical and architectural characteristics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    11. Jamil, Furqan & Ali, Hafiz Muhammad & Nasir, Muhammad Ali & Karahan, Mehmet & Janjua, M.M. & Naseer, Ammar & Ejaz, Ali & Pasha, Riffat Asim, 2021. "Evaluation of photovoltaic panels using different nano phase change material and a concise comparison: An experimental study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1265-1279.
    12. Sun, Yanyi & Wilson, Robin & Wu, Yupeng, 2018. "A Review of Transparent Insulation Material (TIM) for building energy saving and daylight comfort," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 713-729.
    13. Zhu, Li & Zhang, Jiqiang & Li, Qingxiang & Shao, Zebiao & Chen, Mengdong & Yang, Yang & Sun, Yong, 2020. "Comprehensive analysis of heat transfer of double-skin facades integrated high concentration photovoltaic (CPV-DSF)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 635-649.
    14. Mehrdad Ghamari & Senthilarasu Sundaram, 2024. "Solar Window Innovations: Enhancing Building Performance through Advanced Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-31, July.

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