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Robust on-line fault detection diagnosis for HVAC components based on nonlinear state estimation techniques

Author

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  • Bonvini, Marco
  • Sohn, Michael D.
  • Granderson, Jessica
  • Wetter, Michael
  • Piette, Mary Ann

Abstract

This work presents a robust and computationally efficient algorithm for both whole-building and component-level energy fault detection and diagnosis (FDD). The algorithm is able to provide reliable estimation of multiple and simultaneous fault conditions, even in the presence of noisy and sometimes erroneous sensor data, and to provide uncertainty estimation. The algorithm can be used to provide such outputs as the probability of a fault, the likely cause(s), and the expected consequences of the fault(s) on energy use. The approach is based on an advanced Bayesian nonlinear state estimation technique called Unscented Kalman Filtering, but with our addition of a back-smoothing method that provides fast and robust FDD for common building use cases. The approach is presented and demonstrated for detecting energy and hydraulic faults in a chiller plant. The model of the chiller plant is a subsystem of an actual chiller plant, calibrated to real data. The algorithm can detect common faults, such as (1) energy faults (e.g., the chiller is not working properly, or far from its nominal condition), (2) functional faults caused by issues in the compressor and (3) occlusions in the valves that may reduce the water flow rate through the condenser and evaporator water loop. It is also shown that estimates of uncertainty are consistent with the error in the synthetic data, and can be updated as new data stream in from sensors.

Suggested Citation

  • Bonvini, Marco & Sohn, Michael D. & Granderson, Jessica & Wetter, Michael & Piette, Mary Ann, 2014. "Robust on-line fault detection diagnosis for HVAC components based on nonlinear state estimation techniques," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 156-166.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:124:y:2014:i:c:p:156-166
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.009
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Guo, Sisi & Liu, Pei & Li, Zheng, 2016. "Data reconciliation for the overall thermal system of a steam turbine power plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 1037-1051.
    2. Simon P. Melgaard & Kamilla H. Andersen & Anna Marszal-Pomianowska & Rasmus L. Jensen & Per K. Heiselberg, 2022. "Fault Detection and Diagnosis Encyclopedia for Building Systems: A Systematic Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-50, June.
    3. Ssembatya, Martin & Claridge, David E., 2024. "Quantitative fault detection and diagnosis methods for vapour compression chillers: Exploring the potential for field-implementation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    4. Wang, Zhanwei & Wang, Zhiwei & He, Suowei & Gu, Xiaowei & Yan, Zeng Feng, 2017. "Fault detection and diagnosis of chillers using Bayesian network merged distance rejection and multi-source non-sensor information," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 200-214.
    5. Pahon, E. & Yousfi Steiner, N. & Jemei, S. & Hissel, D. & Moçoteguy, P., 2016. "A signal-based method for fast PEMFC diagnosis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 748-758.
    6. Hu, R.L. & Granderson, J. & Auslander, D.M. & Agogino, A., 2019. "Design of machine learning models with domain experts for automated sensor selection for energy fault detection," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 117-128.
    7. Li, Zhongliang & Outbib, Rachid & Giurgea, Stefan & Hissel, Daniel & Li, Yongdong, 2015. "Fault detection and isolation for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell systems by analyzing cell voltage generated space," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 260-272.
    8. Baldi, Simone & Yuan, Shuai & Endel, Petr & Holub, Ondrej, 2016. "Dual estimation: Constructing building energy models from data sampled at low rate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 81-92.
    9. Behrad Bezyan & Radu Zmeureanu, 2022. "Detection and Diagnosis of Dependent Faults That Trigger False Symptoms of Heating and Mechanical Ventilation Systems Using Combined Machine Learning and Rule-Based Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-26, February.
    10. Kowalski, Jerzy, 2015. "Concept of the multidimensional diagnostic tool based on exhaust gas composition for marine engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 1-8.
    11. Wang, Huilong & Xu, Peng & Lu, Xing & Yuan, Dengkuo, 2016. "Methodology of comprehensive building energy performance diagnosis for large commercial buildings at multiple levels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 14-27.
    12. Chen, Jianli & Zhang, Liang & Li, Yanfei & Shi, Yifu & Gao, Xinghua & Hu, Yuqing, 2022. "A review of computing-based automated fault detection and diagnosis of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    13. Baldi, Simone & Zhang, Fan & Le Quang, Thuan & Endel, Petr & Holub, Ondrej, 2019. "Passive versus active learning in operation and adaptive maintenance of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.

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