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Tillage and irrigation effects on crop yields and soil properties under the rice-wheat system in the Indian Himalayas

Author

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  • Bhattacharyya, R.
  • Kundu, S.
  • Pandey, S.C.
  • Singh, K.P.
  • Gupta, H.S.

Abstract

Conservation tillage systems generally improve soil organic C (SOC), plant available water capacity (PAWC), aggregation and soil water transmission. A field experiment was conducted for 4 years (2001-2002 to 2004-2005) to study tillage (conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT)) systems. The selected irrigation treatments were at four levels (I1: pre-sowing (PS), I2: PS + active tillering (AT)/crown root initiation (CRI), I3: PS + AT/CRI + panicle initiation (PI)/flowering (FL), and I4: PS + AT/CRI + PI/FL + grain filling (GF)), applied at the critical growth stages on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Their effects on direct seeded rice productivity and soil properties (SOC and selected physical properties) after rice and wheat harvest were investigated. Soil organic C contents after rice and wheat harvest in the 0-15 cm soil depth were higher under ZT than under CT. Soil organic C increased significantly with I2 over I1 for both crops and with I4 over I2 for the wheat crop. The PAWC was significantly higher with ZT than CT. Zero tilled and frequently irrigated plots showed enhanced infiltration characteristics (infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration and sorptivity) and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Both direct seeded rice and wheat yields were not significantly different in the plots under ZT and CT. There was a significant increase in both rice and wheat yields in the plots under I2 over I1. However, water use efficiency between irrigation treatments was not significantly different. Hence, under direct seeded rice-wheat system in a sandy clay loam soil of the sub-temperate Indian Himalayas, farmers may adopt ZT with two irrigations in each crop for optimum resource conservation.

Suggested Citation

  • Bhattacharyya, R. & Kundu, S. & Pandey, S.C. & Singh, K.P. & Gupta, H.S., 2008. "Tillage and irrigation effects on crop yields and soil properties under the rice-wheat system in the Indian Himalayas," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 95(9), pages 993-1002, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:95:y:2008:i:9:p:993-1002
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    1. Le, Kieu N. & Jeong, Jaehak & Reyes, Manuel R. & Jha, Manoj K. & Gassman, Philip W. & Doro, Luca & Hok, Lyda & Boulakia, Stéphane, 2018. "Evaluation of the performance of the EPIC model for yield and biomass simulation under conservation systems in Cambodia," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 90-100.
    2. N. Tangyuan & H. Bin & J. Nianyuan & T. Shenzhong & L. Zengjia, 2009. "Effects of conservation tillage on soil porosity in maize-wheat cropping system," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 55(8), pages 327-333.
    3. Rajeev Kumar Gupta & Jagroop Kaur & Jasjit Singh Kang & Harmeet Singh & Sukhveer Kaur & Samy Sayed & Ahmed Gaber & Akbar Hossain, 2022. "Tillage in Combination with Rice Straw Retention in a Rice–Wheat System Improves the Productivity and Quality of Wheat Grain through Improving the Soil Physio-Chemical Properties," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Roxana Piastrellini & Bárbara María Civit & Alejandro P. Arena, 2015. "Influence of Agricultural Practices on Biotic Production Potential and Climate Regulation Potential. A Case Study for Life Cycle Assessment of Soybean ( Glycine max ) in Argentina," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-25, April.
    5. Gulab Singh Yadav & Rahul Datta & Shamina Imran Pathan & Rattan Lal & Ram Swaroop Meena & Subhash Babu & Anup Das & S. N. Bhowmik & Mrinmoy Datta & Poulami Saha & Pawan Kumar Mishra, 2017. "Effects of Conservation Tillage and Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Fertility and Productivity of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)–Rice System in North Eastern Region of India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-17, October.
    6. Ranjan Bhattacharyya & Birendra Nath Ghosh & Prasanta Kumar Mishra & Biswapati Mandal & Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao & Dibyendu Sarkar & Krishnendu Das & Kokkuvayil Sankaranarayanan Anil & Manickam Lali, 2015. "Soil Degradation in India: Challenges and Potential Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-43, March.
    7. Kieu N. Le & Manoj K. Jha & Jaehak Jeong & Philip W. Gassman & Manuel R. Reyes & Luca Doro & Dat Q. Tran & Lyda Hok, 2018. "Evaluation of Long-Term SOC and Crop Productivity within Conservation Systems Using GFDL CM2.1 and EPIC," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, July.
    8. Shilai Zhang & Guangfu Huang & Yujiao Zhang & Xiutao Lv & Kejiang Wan & Jian Liang & Yupeng Feng & Jinrong Dao & Shukang Wu & Lin Zhang & Xu Yang & Xiaoping Lian & Liyu Huang & Lin Shao & Jing Zhang &, 2023. "Sustained productivity and agronomic potential of perennial rice," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 28-38, January.
    9. Ranjan Bhattacharyya & Birendra Nath Ghosh & Pradeep Dogra & Prasanta Kumar Mishra & Priyabrata Santra & Suresh Kumar & Michael Augustine Fullen & Uttam Kumar Mandal & Kokkuvayil Sankaranarayanan Anil, 2016. "Soil Conservation Issues in India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-37, June.
    10. Agbai & Williams Perekekeme & Tate Joseph Oyinbrakemi, 2022. "The Short Term Effect Of Tillage System On Soil Moisture Retention In Bayelsa State, Nigeria," Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management (JWBM), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 4(1), pages 45-52, October.

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