IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/agiwat/v280y2023ics0378377423000938.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Spatio-temporal variation in surface water in Punjab, Pakistan from 1985 to 2020 using machine-learning methods with time-series remote sensing data and driving factors

Author

Listed:
  • Tariq, Aqil
  • Qin, Shujing

Abstract

Pakistan is home to many natural and artificial bodies of water, which are inevitable for agriculture, domestic use, recreation, etc. In the arid, semi-arid, and wet areas of the land, the distribution, spatio-temporal variations, and the impacts on water dynamics of climate and anthropogenic drivers were studied. In this study, we used Landsat, 5, 7, and 8 satellite images to generate annual and seasonal water frequency maps per pixel for the 1985–2020 period. The analysis findings have shown substantial inter-and intra-annual variability in rainfall and temperature. In addition, results revealed significant zonal disparities in water patterns, with the arid zone displaying the most drastic variations. We found out that the area (2530.42 km2) is occupied by water bodies, of which 1322.24 km2 (52.25%) seasonal and 1208.18 km2 (47.75%) are permanent water zones. There is a dramatic decline rate of 1.02 ± 1.84 km2/year in contrast to permanent water (0.97 ± 1.99 km2/year), total inland seasonal water has increased. During July and August, Punjab has the highest seasonal water area (1822.30 km2) and declines to the lowest (523.20 km2) in October to December and February to May when permanent water (708.12 km2) is greater than that of seasonal water. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and rainfall were positively related to the surface water areas, while the temperature was inversely related. The outcome of our research offers valuable insights into future spatio-temporal variations, the supply of surface water in Punjab in the context of such anthropogenic and climate change activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Tariq, Aqil & Qin, Shujing, 2023. "Spatio-temporal variation in surface water in Punjab, Pakistan from 1985 to 2020 using machine-learning methods with time-series remote sensing data and driving factors," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:280:y:2023:i:c:s0378377423000938
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108228
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377423000938
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108228?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ahmad, Shahid, 2004. "Drought mitigation in Pakistan: current status and options for future strategies," IWMI Working Papers H036235, International Water Management Institute.
    2. Qin, Jingxiu & Duan, Weili & Chen, Yaning & Dukhovny, Viktor A. & Sorokin, Denis & Li, Yupeng & Wang, Xuanxuan, 2022. "Comprehensive evaluation and sustainable development of water–energy–food–ecology systems in Central Asia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    3. Jean-François Pekel & Andrew Cottam & Noel Gorelick & Alan S. Belward, 2016. "High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes," Nature, Nature, vol. 540(7633), pages 418-422, December.
    4. Nasir Munir & Adiqa Kiani & Asia Baig, 2016. "Climate Change and Food Security in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis," Global Economics Review, Humanity Only, vol. 1(1), pages 47-55, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Giacomo Falchetta & Nicolò Stevanato & Magda Moner-Girona & Davide Mazzoni & Emanuela Colombo & Manfred Hafner, 2020. "M-LED: Multi-sectoral Latent Electricity Demand Assessment for Energy Access Planning," Working Papers 2020.09, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
    2. Berggreen, Steve & Mattisson, Linn, 2023. "The Curse of Bad Geography: Stagnant Water, Diseases, and Children’s Human Capital," Working Papers 2023:11, Lund University, Department of Economics.
    3. Nicolás Ruiz, Néstor & Suárez Alonso, María Luisa & Vidal-Abarca, María Rosario, 2021. "Contributions of dry rivers to human well-being: A global review for future research," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    4. Jinlong Li & Genxu Wang & Chunlin Song & Shouqin Sun & Jiapei Ma & Ying Wang & Linmao Guo & Dongfeng Li, 2024. "Recent intensified erosion and massive sediment deposition in Tibetan Plateau rivers," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    5. Mohammad Zeynoddin & Hossein Bonakdari & Silvio José Gumiere & Alain N. Rousseau, 2023. "Multi-Tempo Forecasting of Soil Temperature Data; Application over Quebec, Canada," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-21, June.
    6. Romy Hulskamp & Arjen Luijendijk & Bas Maren & Antonio Moreno-Rodenas & Floris Calkoen & Etiënne Kras & Stef Lhermitte & Stefan Aarninkhof, 2023. "Global distribution and dynamics of muddy coasts," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    7. Vinícius B. P. Chagas & Pedro L. B. Chaffe & Günter Blöschl, 2022. "Climate and land management accelerate the Brazilian water cycle," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    8. Zhang, Yuliang & Wu, Zhiyong & Singh, Vijay P. & Lin, Qingxia & Ning, Shaowei & Zhou, Yuliang & Jin, Juliang & Zhou, Rongxing & Ma, Qiang, 2023. "Agricultural drought characteristics in a typical plain region considering irrigation, crop growth, and water demand impacts," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    9. Paulilo Brasil & Pedro Medeiros, 2020. "NeStRes – Model for Operation of Non-Strategic Reservoirs for Irrigation in Drylands: Model Description and Application to a Semiarid Basin," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(1), pages 195-210, January.
    10. Donghui Xu & Gautam Bisht & Zeli Tan & Eva Sinha & Alan V. Vittorio & Tian Zhou & Valeriy Y. Ivanov & L. Ruby Leung, 2024. "Climate change will reduce North American inland wetland areas and disrupt their seasonal regimes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    11. Qianhan Wu & Linghong Ke & Jida Wang & Tamlin M. Pavelsky & George H. Allen & Yongwei Sheng & Xuejun Duan & Yunqiang Zhu & Jin Wu & Lei Wang & Kai Liu & Tan Chen & Wensong Zhang & Chenyu Fan & Bin Yon, 2023. "Satellites reveal hotspots of global river extent change," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    12. Alexey Victorov & Veronika Kapralova & Timofey Orlov & Olga Trapeznikova & Maria Arkhipova, 2022. "Research into Cryolithozone Spatial Pattern Changes Based on the Mathematical Morphology of Landscapes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, February.
    13. Renlu Qiao & Shuo Gao & Xiaochang Liu & Li Xia & Guobin Zhang & Xi Meng & Zhiyu Liu & Mo Wang & Shiqi Zhou & Zhiqiang Wu, 2024. "Understanding the global subnational migration patterns driven by hydrological intrusion exposure," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    14. Eleni S. Bekri & Ioannis P. Kokkoris & Charalambos S. Christodoulou & Antonia Sophocleous-Lemonari & Panayotis Dimopoulos, 2023. "Management Implications at a Protected, Peri-Urban, Salt Lake Ecosystem: The Case of Larnaca’s Salt Lakes (Cyprus)," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, September.
    15. Margaret Kalacska & Oliver Lucanus & Leandro Sousa & J. Pablo Arroyo-Mora, 2020. "High-Resolution Surface Water Classifications of the Xingu River, Brazil, Pre and Post Operationalization of the Belo Monte Hydropower Complex," Data, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-12, August.
    16. Abbasi, H.N. & Zeeshan, Muhammad, 2023. "An integrated Geographic Information System and Analytical Hierarchy process based approach for site suitability analysis of on-grid hybrid concentrated solar-biomass powerplant," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    17. Quezada Lambertin, Carlos Eduardo & Nina Vargas, Marco Leandro & Flores Quizbert, Ruben, 2023. "Estimación del indicador 6.6.1: Proporción de cuencas hidrográficas de municipios y territorios indígenas de Bolivia que experimentan grandes cambios en la extensión de sus aguas superficiales," Documentos de trabajo 2/2023, Instituto de Investigaciones Socio-Económicas (IISEC), Universidad Católica Boliviana.
    18. Yi Xi & Shushi Peng & Gang Liu & Agnès Ducharne & Philippe Ciais & Catherine Prigent & Xinyu Li & Xutao Tang, 2022. "Trade-off between tree planting and wetland conservation in China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    19. Falchetta, Giacomo & Stevanato, Nicolò & Moner-Girona, Magda & Mazzoni, Davide & Colombo, Emanuela & Hafner, Manfred, 2020. "M-LED: Multi-sectoral Latent Electricity Demand Assessment for Energy Access Planning," FEP: Future Energy Program 305213, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) > FEP: Future Energy Program.
    20. Conghong Huang & Yan Tang & Yiyang Wu & Yu Tao & Muwu Xu & Nan Xu & Mingze Li & Xiaodan Liu & Henghui Xi & Weixin Ou, 2024. "Assessing Long-Term Thermal Environment Change with Landsat Time-Series Data in a Rapidly Urbanizing City in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:280:y:2023:i:c:s0378377423000938. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/agwat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.