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Irrigation management with saline groundwater of a date palm cultivar in the hyper-arid United Arab Emirates

Author

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  • Al-Muaini, Ahmed
  • Green, Steve
  • Dakheel, Abdullah
  • Abdullah, Al-Hareth
  • Abou Dahr, Wasel Abdelwahid
  • Dixon, Steve
  • Kemp, Peter
  • Clothier, Brent

Abstract

The United Arab Emirates has a hyper-arid climate. Irrigation is essential for dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.), an important crop economically and culturally. Groundwater is relied on, yet it is a non-renewable resource at the rate it is being used. Furthermore, as the water-table drops, it is becoming more saline. Law no. 5 has been passed in Abu Dhabi to regulate the use of groundwater and set allocation limits for agriculture. For assessing the allocation of irrigation water to date farms under Law 5, we carried out measurements of tree water-use by the compensation heat-pulse method, complemented by measurements of the changing soil-water dynamics using time domain reflectometry and bulk soil electrical conductivity. Over four years we measured the hourly pattern of Lulu date-palm water use, ETc, at two levels of irrigation-water salinity: Treatment S1 at 5 dS m−1, and S3 at 15 dS m−1. The mid-summer ETc for the S1 Lulu trees is up to 190 L d−1, on average, whereas for the S3 trees ETc is lower at 130 L d−1 (68% of S1) because of the salt. Measurements of canopy radiation interception using a ‘light stick’ showed the S1 trees intercepted 26% of the incident radiation, whereas the S3 trees only intercepted 20% (ratio S3/S1 = 76%). The date yield of the S1 trees was 68 kg tree−1, but was 46 kg tree−1 for the S3 trees (ratio 68%). Current practice is to irrigate trees with 275 L d−1, irrespective of salinity. Our recommendation for Law 5 is to tailor irrigation to the seasonal demand in the reference evapotranspiration of ETo, and allow for a 25% factor-of-safety and a 25% salt leaching fraction. For S1 date palms this would mean an annual average of 210 L d−1, and for S3 just 137 L d−1. This represents savings of 25–50% from current practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Al-Muaini, Ahmed & Green, Steve & Dakheel, Abdullah & Abdullah, Al-Hareth & Abou Dahr, Wasel Abdelwahid & Dixon, Steve & Kemp, Peter & Clothier, Brent, 2019. "Irrigation management with saline groundwater of a date palm cultivar in the hyper-arid United Arab Emirates," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 123-131.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:211:y:2019:i:c:p:123-131
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.042
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    1. Al-Muaini, Ahmed & Green, Steve & Dakheel, Abdullah & Abdullah, Al-Hareth & Sallam, Osama & Abou Dahr, Wasel Abdelwahid & Dixon, Steve & Kemp, Peter & Clothier, Brent, 2019. "Water requirements for irrigation with saline groundwater of three date-palm cultivars with different salt-tolerances in the hyper-arid United Arab Emirates," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 213-220.
    2. Al-Dakheel, Abdullah J. & Hussain, M. Iftikhar & Abdulrahman, Abdulqader & Abdullah, AlHarith, 2022. "Long term assessment of salinity impact on fruit yield in eighteen date palm varieties," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    3. Tamimi, Mansoor Al & Green, Steve & Hammami, Zied & Ammar, Khalil & Ketbi, Mouza Al & Al-Shrouf, Ali M. & Dawoud, Mohamed & Kennedy, Lesley & Clothier, Brent, 2022. "Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients using lysimeter measurements for food crops in the hyper-arid United Arab Emirates," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    4. Remston Martis & Amani Al-Othman & Muhammad Tawalbeh & Malek Alkasrawi, 2020. "Energy and Economic Analysis of Date Palm Biomass Feedstock for Biofuel Production in UAE: Pyrolysis, Gasification and Fermentation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-34, November.
    5. Zhen, Jingbo & Lazarovitch, Naftali & Tripler, Effi, 2020. "Effects of fruit load intensity and irrigation level on fruit quality, water productivity and net profits of date palms," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    6. Al-Tamimi, Mansoor & Green, Steve & Dahr, Wasel Abou & Al-Muaini, Ahmed & Lyra, Dionysia & Ammar, Khalil & Dawoud, Mohamed & Kenyon, Paul & Kemp, Peter & Kennedy, Lesley & McLachlan, Andrew & Clothier, 2023. "Drainage, salt-leaching impacts, and the growth of Salicornia bigelovii irrigated with different saline waters," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    7. Serret, Maria D. & Al-Dakheel, Abdullah J. & Yousfi, Salima & Fernáandez-Gallego, Jose A. & Elouafi, Ismahane A. & Araus, José L., 2020. "Vegetation indices derived from digital images and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures as indicators of date palm performance under salinity," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    8. Al-Muaini, Ahmed & Green, Steve & Abou Dahr, Wasel Abdelwahid & Kennedy, Lesley & Kemp, Peter & Dawoud, Mohamed & Clothier, Brent, 2019. "Water use and irrigation requirements for date palms on commercial farms in the hyper-arid United Arab Emirates," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 1-1.

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