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Soil spatio-temporal distribution of water, salts and nutrients in greenhouse, drip-irrigated tomato crops using lysimetry and dielectric methods

Author

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  • Bonachela, Santiago
  • Fernández, María Dolores
  • Cabrera, Francisco Javier
  • Granados, María Rosa

Abstract

This work was mainly aimed at studying the spatio-temporal distribution of water content (θw), bulk (ECa) and soil solution (ECSS) electrical conductivity measured with a dielectric sensor (GS3) and a tension lysimeter (suction cup) throughout three drip-irrigated tomato crops in Mediterranean greenhouses. The mean θw (GS3) for the wet bulb was well estimated by measuring at representative positions, especially at the centre of the wet bulb. The ECSS substantially increased in the wet bulb, irrespective of the soil position, reaching relatively high values (6–7 dS m−1) in the second half of the cycles, mostly due to sodium and chloride accumulation. The mean ECSS for the wet bulb was narrowly and linearly related to that measured at any of four representative positions in the wet bulb, which presented similar seasonal dynamics and absolute values throughout most of the crops. The mean ECSS for the wet bulb can be well estimated by measuring at one of these positions, since the errors of using measurements from these positions were relatively low. The relationship between the ECSS estimated from GS3 and that measured with suction cup varied depending mostly on soil position and cropping year, but the GS3 did not generally provide accurate ECSS estimates, especially in the second half of the cycles, when salts accumulated in the soil. Despite this, measurements of ECa and ECSS from GS3 at the centre of the wet bulb might be useful for identifying tendencies or relevant salinity changes for automated irrigation systems. The solution concentration for main salts and nutrients can be fairly well monitored by sampling at any of the four representative positions of the wet bulb. However, it appears advisable to measure at the centre of the wet bulb, as samples from this position might respond faster to changes in the nutrient solution supply or the root activity, especially for very mobile elements, such as nitrate.

Suggested Citation

  • Bonachela, Santiago & Fernández, María Dolores & Cabrera, Francisco Javier & Granados, María Rosa, 2018. "Soil spatio-temporal distribution of water, salts and nutrients in greenhouse, drip-irrigated tomato crops using lysimetry and dielectric methods," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 151-161.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:203:y:2018:i:c:p:151-161
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.03.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Orgaz, F. & Fernandez, M.D. & Bonachela, S. & Gallardo, M. & Fereres, E., 2005. "Evapotranspiration of horticultural crops in an unheated plastic greenhouse," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 72(2), pages 81-96, March.
    2. Shalhevet, Joseph, 1994. "Using water of marginal quality for crop production: major issues," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 233-269, July.
    3. Cabrera Corral, Francisco Javier & Bonachela Castaño, Santiago & Fernández Fernández, María Dolores & Granados García, María Rosa & López Hernández, Juan Carlos, 2016. "Lysimetry methods for monitoring soil solution electrical conductivity and nutrient concentration in greenhouse tomato crops," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 171-179.
    4. Thompson, R.B. & Martinez-Gaitan, C. & Gallardo, M. & Gimenez, C. & Fernandez, M.D., 2007. "Identification of irrigation and N management practices that contribute to nitrate leaching loss from an intensive vegetable production system by use of a comprehensive survey," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 89(3), pages 261-274, May.
    5. Thompson, R.B. & Gallardo, M. & Valdez, L.C. & Fernandez, M.D., 2007. "Using plant water status to define threshold values for irrigation management of vegetable crops using soil moisture sensors," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 88(1-3), pages 147-158, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Li Yang & Haijun Liu & Shabtai Cohen & Zhuangzhuang Gao, 2022. "Microclimate and Plant Transpiration of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) in a Sunken Solar Greenhouse in North China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Wei Yang & Xingsheng Song & Yangbo He & Bige Chen & Ying Zhou & Jiazhou Chen, 2023. "Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon Density Fractions in Aggregates as Influenced by Salts and Microbial Community," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-14, November.
    3. Bonachela, Santiago & Fernández, María Dolores & Cabrera-Corral, Francisco Javier & Granados, María Rosa, 2022. "Salt and irrigation management of soil-grown Mediterranean greenhouse tomato crops drip-irrigated with moderately saline water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    4. Cedeño, J. & Magán, J.J. & Thompson, R.B. & Fernández, M.D. & Gallardo, M., 2023. "Reducing nutrient loss in drainage from tomato grown in free-draining substrate in greenhouses using dynamic nutrient management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    5. Phogat, V. & Mallants, Dirk & Cox, J.W. & Šimůnek, J. & Oliver, D.P. & Awad, J., 2020. "Management of soil salinity associated with irrigation of protected crops," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).

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