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Seasonal variation of reference evapotranspiration and Priestley-Taylor coefficient in the eastern Free State, South Africa

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  • Tongwane, Mphethe I.
  • Savage, Michael J.
  • Tsubo, Mitsuru
  • Moeletsi, Mokhele E.

Abstract

Estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial in crop production practices and other hydrological processes. The hourly FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (EToPM) method was used to calculate ETo at Bergville, Bethlehem and Harrismith in the eastern Free State, South Africa. Priestley-Taylor evapotranspiration coefficients (PTc) were estimated using EToPM and equilibrium evapotranspiration. The study establishes that for the mountainous semi-arid areas, aerodynamic conditions are major contributors of evapotranspiration. The aerodynamic component of EToPM is generally a dominant contributor varying between 50% and 70% of the total EToPM depending on the season and location. Dry and windy atmospheric conditions that reach their highest levels during the spring season cause water vapour pressure deficit to be a parameter with greater influence on ETo. The study further shows that the impact of solar irradiance on ETo decreases with altitude in the study area. More than 87% of EToPM from aerodynamic resistance is experienced during daytime. Agricultural water resources management activities need to consider the importance of nocturnal EToPM which contributes between 10–14% of total daily ETo depending on the station. Geometry of a surface affects total solar irradiance received at a place and the associated ETo. The commonly used average Priestley-Taylor constant of 1.26 under-estimates evaporation rates in the semi-arid environments. This study shows that the coefficients are highly variable during winter and spring, less variable in autumn, and that topoclimate has a significant impact on the PTc variability. This variability reflects a direct influence that the dry atmospheric environments of the semi-arid regions have on PTc, which is a limitation of the use of the 1.26 coefficient.

Suggested Citation

  • Tongwane, Mphethe I. & Savage, Michael J. & Tsubo, Mitsuru & Moeletsi, Mokhele E., 2017. "Seasonal variation of reference evapotranspiration and Priestley-Taylor coefficient in the eastern Free State, South Africa," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 122-130.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:187:y:2017:i:c:p:122-130
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.013
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Er-Raki, S. & Chehbouni, A. & Boulet, G. & Williams, D.G., 2010. "Using the dual approach of FAO-56 for partitioning ET into soil and plant components for olive orchards in a semi-arid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(11), pages 1769-1778, November.
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    1. Pengrui Ai & Yingjie Ma & Ying Hai, 2023. "Comparing Simulated Jujube Evapotranspiration from P–T, Dual Kc, and S–W Models against Measurements Using a Large Weighing Lysimeter under Drip Irrigation in an Arid Area," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-23, February.
    2. Fan, Junliang & Ma, Xin & Wu, Lifeng & Zhang, Fucang & Yu, Xiang & Zeng, Wenzhi, 2019. "Light Gradient Boosting Machine: An efficient soft computing model for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration with local and external meteorological data," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    3. Myeni, L. & Moeletsi, M.E. & Clulow, A.D., 2020. "Assessment of three models for estimating daily net radiation in southern Africa," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    4. Mokhele Edmond Moeletsi & Lindumusa Myeni & Ludwig Christian Kaempffer & Derick Vermaak & Gert de Nysschen & Chrisna Henningse & Irene Nel & Dudley Rowswell, 2022. "Climate Dataset for South Africa by the Agricultural Research Council," Data, MDPI, vol. 7(8), pages 1-12, August.

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