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Surface irrigation management for guayule rubber production in the US desert Southwest

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  • Hunsaker, D.J.
  • Elshikha, D.M.

Abstract

Agricultural production of the desert shrub, guayule (Parthenium argentatum G.), requires judicious management of irrigation water for achieving economic yields and high water productivity. This study expands existing, but limited and dated knowledge on irrigation management of guayule. A 29-month guayule surface irrigation study (Oct. 2012–Mar. 2015) in Maricopa, Arizona, US, imposed five irrigation treatments whose irrigation amounts were 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120% of irrigation applied to the 100% treatment, based on the soil water depletion (SWD) of the 100%. Irrigation treatments and soil water balance measurements began in Apr. 2013, ≈ 6mos. after plant establishment. Measured SWD percentage prior to irrigation for the 100% treatment averaged 59%. The total water applied (TWA), irrigation and rain from planting to final harvest, varied from 2370 to 4720mm. Cumulative ETc measured only over the final 23 months of the study (Apr. 2013 through Mar. 2015) varied from 1740 to 3720mm. At final harvest, dry biomass (DB) varied from 15.7 to 27.9Mg/ha, rubber yield (RY) from 1220 to 1680kg/ha, and resin yield from 1290 to 2720kg/ha. The study confirms that both DB and RY respond linearly to TWA. For maximum rubber yield using surface irrigation, it is recommended to use a SWD of 50% for irrigation scheduling and apply ≈2000mm/year of total water. However, guayule water productivity (yield per unit TWA) can be significantly increased by reducing TWA by 25% (i.e., 1460mm/year). This irrigation rate achieved 92% of the maximum RY in this study.

Suggested Citation

  • Hunsaker, D.J. & Elshikha, D.M., 2017. "Surface irrigation management for guayule rubber production in the US desert Southwest," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 43-57.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:185:y:2017:i:c:p:43-57
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.01.015
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pereira, Luis S. & Cordery, Ian & Iacovides, Iacovos, 2012. "Improved indicators of water use performance and productivity for sustainable water conservation and saving," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 39-51.
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    4. Bucks, D. A. & Nakayama, F. S. & French, O. F. & Rasnick, B. A. & Alexander, W. L., 1985. "Irrigated guayule -- Plant growth and production," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 81-93, May.
    5. Bucks, D. A. & Nakayama, F. S. & French, O. F. & Legard, W. W. & Alexander, W. L., 1985. "Irrigated guayule -- Evapotranspiration and plant water stress," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 61-79, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hunsaker, D.J & Elshikha, D.M. & Bronson, K.F., 2019. "High guayule rubber production with subsurface drip irrigation in the US desert Southwest," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 1-12.
    2. Elshikha, Diaa Eldin M. & Hunsaker, Douglas J. & Waller, Peter M. & Thorp, Kelly R. & Dierig, David & Wang, Guangyao & Cruz, Von Mark V. & Katterman, Matthew E. & Bronson, Kevin F. & Wall, Gerard W. &, 2022. "Estimation of direct-seeded guayule cover, crop coefficient, and yield using UAS-based multispectral and RGB data," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    3. Elshikha, Diaa Eldin M. & Wang, Guangyao & Waller, Peter M. & Hunsaker, Douglas J. & Dierig, David & Thorp, Kelly R. & Thompson, Alison & Katterman, Matthew E. & Herritt, Matthew T. & Bautista, Eduard, 2023. "Guayule growth and yield responses to deficit irrigation strategies in the U.S. desert," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).

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