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Deficit irrigation enhances contribution of shallow groundwater to crop water consumption in arid area

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  • Gao, Xiaoyu
  • Bai, Yining
  • Huo, Zailin
  • Xu, Xu
  • Huang, Guanhua
  • Xia, Yuhong
  • Steenhuis, Tammo S.

Abstract

Agricultural water conservation is important in arid and semi-arid areas where water resources are deficient and agriculture irrigation accounts for a high proportion of water use. Thus, efficient deficit irrigation methods, which the supplied water is less than potential evapotranspiration have been developed. In semi-arid areas, groundwater can contribute to crop’s water consumption but less is known about impact of deficit irrigation on the contribution. We conducted, therefore, a two-year field experiments with deficit flood irrigation for maize in an arid district with shallow groundwater in China. Four irrigation practices were tested with water applied at approximately 82.5%, 75%, 67.5% and 60% of the 540mm potential evapotranspiration (PET) in 2014 and the 500mm in 2013 over the crop growing season. We found that the upward flux between soil water and groundwater varied from 5mm with input water of 488mm to 60mm with input water of 353mm. The yield of maize decreased by only 15% from 10.0 to 8.5t/ha for the WS treatment (irrigated at 60% of PET) compared with the WH treatment (irrigated at 82.5% of PET) due to more groundwater contribution to the crop growing with less irrigation. As a consequence, the water use efficiency (WUE), defined as quotient of the yield and plant evapotranspiration was not significantly different among different irrigation treatments. However, the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), which is the yield per unit of water applied, increased significantly with the decreasing amount of water applied due to the contribution of upward fluxes. The implication is that deficit irrigation enhances the contribution of groundwater to crop water use and will not produce an obvious reduction of yield within a stable shallow groundwater level.

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  • Gao, Xiaoyu & Bai, Yining & Huo, Zailin & Xu, Xu & Huang, Guanhua & Xia, Yuhong & Steenhuis, Tammo S., 2017. "Deficit irrigation enhances contribution of shallow groundwater to crop water consumption in arid area," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 116-125.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:185:y:2017:i:c:p:116-125
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.02.012
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    6. Guanfang Sun & Yan Zhu & Zhaoliang Gao & Jinzhong Yang & Zhongyi Qu & Wei Mao & Jingwei Wu, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Patterns and Key Driving Factors of Soil Salinity in Dry and Wet Years in an Arid Agricultural Area with Shallow Groundwater Table," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-17, August.
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    9. Sun, Guanfang & Zhu, Yan & Ye, Ming & Yang, Jinzhong & Qu, Zhongyi & Mao, Wei & Wu, Jingwei, 2019. "Development and application of long-term root zone salt balance model for predicting soil salinity in arid shallow water table area," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 486-498.
    10. Gou, Qiqi & Zhu, Yonghua & Horton, Robert & Lü, Haishen & Wang, Zhenlong & Su, Jianbin & Cui, Chenyun & Zhang, Haoqiang & Wang, Xiaoyi & Zheng, Jingyao & Yuan, Fei, 2020. "Effect of climate change on the contribution of groundwater to the root zone of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain of China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    11. Gao, Xiaoyu & Huo, Zailin & Xu, Xu & Qu, Zhongyi & Huang, Guanhua & Tang, Pengcheng & Bai, Yining, 2018. "Shallow groundwater plays an important role in enhancing irrigation water productivity in an arid area: The perspective from a regional agricultural hydrology simulation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 43-58.
    12. Munyasya, Alex Ndolo & Koskei, Kiprotich & Zhou, Rui & Liu, Shu-Tong & Indoshi, Sylvia Ngaira & Wang, Wei & Zhang, Xu-Cheng & Cheruiyot, Wesly Kiprotich & Mburu, David Mwehia & Nyende, Aggrey Bernard , 2022. "Integrated on-site & off-site rainwater-harvesting system boosts rainfed maize production for better adaptation to climate change," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    13. Jianwei Bu & Ziyong Sun & Rui Ma & Yunde Liu & Xulong Gong & Zhao Pan & Wenhao Wei, 2020. "Shallow Groundwater Quality and Its Controlling Factors in the Su-Xi-Chang Region, Eastern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.
    14. Chen, Shuai & Mao, Xiaomin & Shang, Songhao, 2022. "Response and contribution of shallow groundwater to soil water/salt budget and crop growth in layered soils," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).

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